我国世界一流大学建设高校间科研合作网络及演化研究
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摘要
[目的/意义]对我国世界一流大学建设高校科研合作网络的结构特征、内部关系、演化规律及演化原因进行研究,可为我国世界一流大学建设提供参考。[方法/过程]基于42所高校历年(2013-2017)在Wo S合著论文数据,构建历年科研合作频次矩阵、Salton指数矩阵。采用相关性分析法、社会网络分析法,借助可视化软件,以整体网络、个体网络和局部网络演化3个视角,分别从合作率、相关性、网络密度、点度中心性、中间中心性和网络聚类及网络演化原因等对高校科研合作关系网络结构特征、合作强度及演化规律进行揭示与分析。[结果/结论]高校在国际期刊发文总数、合作发文总数及合作率总体都呈上升趋势;高校科研合作程度、对科研资源占有或控制程度都与科研产出存在较强的正相关关系;科研合作更注重强强联合、优势互补,核心网络规模逐渐扩大,各高校向网络中心聚集的趋势不断增强,单一高校对于整体合作网络的控制度和影响力以及不可或缺性不断降低;高等教育的发展、基金支持力度、最小省力法则、马太效应原理、强学科性术业专攻是高校科研合作网络演化产生的主要原因;最后对高校科研合作提出建议。
[Purpose/Significance] This paper studied the structural features,internal relations,evolutionary laws and evolutionary reasons of the cooperation network of world-class universities in China,which could provide references for the construction of world-class universities in China. [Method/Process] Based on the data of co-authored papers of 42 universities in Wo S from 2013 to 2017,this paper constructed the frequency matrix and Salton exponent matrix of scientific cooperation over the years. Then,combining methods of social network analysis and correlation analysis,with the help ofvisual software,this paper was divided into three evolutional perspectives: the whole network,the individual network and the local network. In addition,this paper revealed and analyzed the network structure characteristics,cooperation intensity and evolution law of university scientific cooperation relationship. [Result/Conclusion] Firstly,the number of publications,co-authored articles and cooperation rate of universities were increasing in general; Secondly,possession or control of scientific resources had strong positive correlation with scientific research output in universities; Thirdly,universities attached importance to strong alliance and complementary advantages. Meanwhile,the scale of core network was gradually expanding,and the trend of gathering of universities to the network center was increasing. What's more,the control degree,influence and indispensible of single university for the overall cooperative network was decreasing; Then,education' development,fund support,the principle of least effort,the Matthew effect principle,and the specialty of strong subject were main reasons for the evolution of scientific cooperation network of universities; Finally,some suggestions were put forward for scientific cooperation in universities.
[Purpose/Significance] This paper studied the structural features,internal relations,evolutionary laws and evolutionary reasons of the cooperation network of world-class universities in China,which could provide references for the construction of world-class universities in China. [Method/Process] Based on the data of co-authored papers of 42 universities in Wo S from 2013 to 2017,this paper constructed the frequency matrix and Salton exponent matrix of scientific cooperation over the years. Then,combining methods of social network analysis and correlation analysis,with the help ofvisual software,this paper was divided into three evolutional perspectives: the whole network,the individual network and the local network. In addition,this paper revealed and analyzed the network structure characteristics,cooperation intensity and evolution law of university scientific cooperation relationship. [Result/Conclusion] Firstly,the number of publications,co-authored articles and cooperation rate of universities were increasing in general; Secondly,possession or control of scientific resources had strong positive correlation with scientific research output in universities; Thirdly,universities attached importance to strong alliance and complementary advantages. Meanwhile,the scale of core network was gradually expanding,and the trend of gathering of universities to the network center was increasing. What's more,the control degree,influence and indispensible of single university for the overall cooperative network was decreasing; Then,education' development,fund support,the principle of least effort,the Matthew effect principle,and the specialty of strong subject were main reasons for the evolution of scientific cooperation network of universities; Finally,some suggestions were put forward for scientific cooperation in universities.
引文
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[17]王旭.基于社会网络分析法的突发事件网络舆情传播研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2017
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[20]贾茜,李亚婷,张斌.科学合作的形成及其影响因素[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(6):40-45.
[21]邱均平.信息计量学[M]武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007:112
[22] Liang L,Zhu L. Major Factors Affecting China's Interregionalre-search Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geo-graphical Proximity[J]. Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
[23] Autant-Bernard C,Fadairo M. Knowledge Diffusion and Innova-tion Policies Within the European Regions:Challenges Based onRecent Empirical Evidence[J]. Research Policy,2013,(42):196-210.
[24]谭春辉,吴晓风,程凡.“十五”至“十二五”期间国家科技进步奖获奖机构合作网络演化机理分析[J].现代情报,2017,37(12):131-137.
[25]李志宏,王娜,周广刚.国内管理科学领域高校间的学术论文合著网络分析[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(4):71-80.
[2] Adams J. Collaborations:The Fourth Age of Research[J]. Na-ture,2013,497(7451):557-560
[3] Adams J,Loach T. Comment:A Well-connected World[J].Nature,2015,527(7577):S58-S59
[4] Ter Wal A L J. Cluster Emergence and Network Evolution:A Lon-gitudinal Analysis of the Inventor Network in Sophia-Antipolis[J].Regional Studies,2013,47(5):651-668.
[5] Scherngell T,Hu Y. Collaborative Knowledge Production in Chi-na:Regional Evidence from a Gravity Model Approach[J]. Re-gional Studies,2011,45(6):755-772.
[6] Balland P A. Proximity and the Evolution of Collaboration Net-works:Evidence from Research and Development Projects Withinthe Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)Industry[J]. Re-gional Studies,2012,46(6):741-756
[7] Crescenzi R,Nathan M,Rodríguez-Pose A. Do Inventors Talk toStrangers? On Proximity and Collaborative Knowledge Creation[J]. Research Policy,2016,45(1):177-194
[8]潘旭伟,漆永乐,郭剑锋.组织、空间情境与科研合作网络[J].情报理论与实践,2015,38(7):39-43
[9]邵瑞华,沙勇忠,李亮.机构合作网络与机构学术影响力的关系研究———以图书情报学科为例[J].情报科学,2017,35(3):42-46,86.
[10]王继民,王若佳,曾兰馨,等. 1996-2015年“一带一路”沿线国家科研合作网络的演化分析[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(16):76-83
[11] Balland P A,De Vaan M,Boschma R. The Dynamics of Inter-firm Networks Along the Industry Life Cycle:The Case of the Glob-al Video Game Industry,1987-2007[J]. Journal of EconomicGeography,2013,13(5):741-765
[12] Adams J. Collaborations:The Rise of Research Networks[J].Nature,2012,490(7420):335-336
[13]刘承良,桂钦昌,段德忠,等.全球科研论文合作网络的结构异质性及其邻近性机理[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):737-752
[14]李雨浓,王博,张永忠,等.校企专利合作网络的结构特征及其演化分析———以“985高校”为例[J].科研管理,2018,39(3):132-140
[15]王卫,闫帅,史锐涵.作者合作网络连接影响因素分析———以图情领域为例[J].情报科学,2018,36(1):61-66
[16]苏一凡,朱少强,谢卫红.广州地区高校间科技创新合作现状探讨———基于2012年合著论文的计量图谱分析[J].科技管理研究,2014,34(6):90-95
[17]王旭.基于社会网络分析法的突发事件网络舆情传播研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2017
[18]刘军.整体网分析讲义———UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2014:129-130
[19]国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要[EB/OL]. http://old.moe. gov. cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/info_list/201407/xxgk_171904.html.,2018-04-26.
[20]贾茜,李亚婷,张斌.科学合作的形成及其影响因素[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(6):40-45.
[21]邱均平.信息计量学[M]武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007:112
[22] Liang L,Zhu L. Major Factors Affecting China's Interregionalre-search Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geo-graphical Proximity[J]. Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
[23] Autant-Bernard C,Fadairo M. Knowledge Diffusion and Innova-tion Policies Within the European Regions:Challenges Based onRecent Empirical Evidence[J]. Research Policy,2013,(42):196-210.
[24]谭春辉,吴晓风,程凡.“十五”至“十二五”期间国家科技进步奖获奖机构合作网络演化机理分析[J].现代情报,2017,37(12):131-137.
[25]李志宏,王娜,周广刚.国内管理科学领域高校间的学术论文合著网络分析[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(4):71-80.