不同玉米(Zeamays)品种对镉锌积累与转运的差异研究
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摘要
选取20个玉米(Zea mays)品种作试验材料,通过田间试验研究了镉-锌(Cd-Zn)复合胁迫下玉米的生长发育及其积累和转运Cd、Zn的差异,以期筛选出Cd、Zn低积累的玉米品种。结果表明,Cd-Zn复合胁迫下,玉米的株高、叶面积、生物量、产量以及玉米根、茎叶和籽粒中Cd、Zn含量在品种间均表现出显著差异。有2个品种籽粒的Cd含量超过国家食品卫生标准(≤0.2 mg·kg-1),13个品种茎叶的Cd含量超过国家饲料卫生标准(≤0.5 mg·kg-1),所有品种籽粒和茎叶的Zn含量均符合国家食品卫生标准(≤50mg·kg-1);有7个品种的Cd富集系数<1,13个品种茎叶转运系数<1,所有品种籽粒转运系数均<1;20个玉米品种Zn的富集系数均<1,有18个品种茎叶转运系数<1,6个品种籽粒转运系数<1。根据玉米生物量、产量、籽粒Cd和Zn含量、富集系数、转运系数等指标进行评价,认为红单6号、红育1号、云优78、平单2号、屏单2号5个品种可作为Cd低积累玉米品种,雅玉98可作为Zn低积累玉米品种,可分别在个旧地区Cd、Zn中、轻度污染土壤上推广种植。
In the heavy metal contaminated soil of cadmium-zinc(Cd-Zn), the effects of Cd and Zn on the growth of 20 maize varieties along with differences of Cd and Zn accumulation and transfer between different maize varieties were studied in field experiments. The purpose of the field experiments was to screen out maize varieties with low accumulation ability of Cd and Zn. The results showed that there were significant differences among 20 maize varieties of plant height, leaf area, biomass as well as yield under combined stress of Cd and Zn.Meanwhile, there were significant differences among 20 maize varieties of Cd and Zn uptake by root, stem and leaf, kernels Cd and Zn accumulation and translocation ability(P<0.05). The seed Cd contents of 2 varieties were more than the food sanitation standards set by the state(≤0.2 mg·kg-1). The stem and leaf Cd contents of 13 varieties were more than the national feed hygiene standard(≤0.5 mg·kg-1). The kernel stem and leaf Zn contents of 20 varieties conformed to the food sanitation standards(≤50 mg·kg-1). The Cd enrichment coefficients of 7 maize species<1, the stem and leaf transfer coefficient of 13 maize species<1, and all the seed transport coefficients were less than 1.Data analysis results showed that there were still certain absorption capacity of the maize to soil Cd, but the transport capacity from root to shoot and from stem and leaf to grain was weak——The Zn enrichment coefficients of 20 maize species<1,the stem and leaf transfer coefficient of 18 maize species<1, and the seed transport coefficients of 6 maize species<1.Data analysis results showed that the absorption capacity of the maize to soil Zn and the transport capacity from shoot and stem to grain were strong. Evaluated by the index of maize biomass,grain yield, Cd and Zn content, Cd and Zn enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient, 5 varieties of Hong Dan 6, Hong Yu 1, Yun You78, Ping Dan 2 and Ping Dan 2 could be used as Cd low accumulation Maize Varieties, and Ya Yu 98 could be used as Zn low accumulation Maize Varieties, and were fit to be planted in Cd, Zn polluted soil in Gejiu lightly and moderately.
In the heavy metal contaminated soil of cadmium-zinc(Cd-Zn), the effects of Cd and Zn on the growth of 20 maize varieties along with differences of Cd and Zn accumulation and transfer between different maize varieties were studied in field experiments. The purpose of the field experiments was to screen out maize varieties with low accumulation ability of Cd and Zn. The results showed that there were significant differences among 20 maize varieties of plant height, leaf area, biomass as well as yield under combined stress of Cd and Zn.Meanwhile, there were significant differences among 20 maize varieties of Cd and Zn uptake by root, stem and leaf, kernels Cd and Zn accumulation and translocation ability(P<0.05). The seed Cd contents of 2 varieties were more than the food sanitation standards set by the state(≤0.2 mg·kg-1). The stem and leaf Cd contents of 13 varieties were more than the national feed hygiene standard(≤0.5 mg·kg-1). The kernel stem and leaf Zn contents of 20 varieties conformed to the food sanitation standards(≤50 mg·kg-1). The Cd enrichment coefficients of 7 maize species<1, the stem and leaf transfer coefficient of 13 maize species<1, and all the seed transport coefficients were less than 1.Data analysis results showed that there were still certain absorption capacity of the maize to soil Cd, but the transport capacity from root to shoot and from stem and leaf to grain was weak——The Zn enrichment coefficients of 20 maize species<1,the stem and leaf transfer coefficient of 18 maize species<1, and the seed transport coefficients of 6 maize species<1.Data analysis results showed that the absorption capacity of the maize to soil Zn and the transport capacity from shoot and stem to grain were strong. Evaluated by the index of maize biomass,grain yield, Cd and Zn content, Cd and Zn enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient, 5 varieties of Hong Dan 6, Hong Yu 1, Yun You78, Ping Dan 2 and Ping Dan 2 could be used as Cd low accumulation Maize Varieties, and Ya Yu 98 could be used as Zn low accumulation Maize Varieties, and were fit to be planted in Cd, Zn polluted soil in Gejiu lightly and moderately.
引文
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[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:12-15,211-214.LU Ru-kun.Analysis methods of soil agricultural chemistry[M].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Science Press,1999:12-15,211-214.
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[18]段桂兰,张红梅,刘云霞,等.水稻基因类型与生长环境对精米中砷积累的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):156-162.DUAN Gui-lan,ZHANG Hong-mei,LIU Yun-xia,et al.Impact of rice genotype and growing environment on arsenic accumulation in rice polished grains[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,8(2):156-162.
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[20]谈宇荣,徐晓燕,丁永祯,等.旱稻吸收砷镉的基因型差异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1436-1443.TAN Yu-rong,XU Xiao-yan,DING Yong-zhen,et al.Genotypic variation of arsenic and cadmium uptake by upland rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1436-1443.
[21]李凡,张义贤.单一及复合污染下铅铜在玉米幼苗体内积累与迁移的动态变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(1):19-24.LI Fan,ZHANG Yi-xian.Dynamics of accumulation and distribution of Cu,Pb in Zea mays L.seedlings under single or combined pollution of Cu and Pb[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(1):19-24.
[22]Ding G A,Yu S Q.Air,water and soil environmental pollution and regulation mechanisms in Beijing and its ambient area:Observational experiment conducted[J].Annual Report of CAMS,2001:20-21.
[23]吴传星.不同玉米品种对重金属吸收累积特性研究[D].四川农业大学,2010.WU Chuan-xing.Study on characteristics of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in the different maize varieties[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2010.
[2]朱宇恩,赵烨,李强,等.北京城郊污灌土壤-小麦(Triticum aestivum)体系重金属潜在健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):263-270.ZHU Yu-en,ZHAO Ye,LI Qiang,et al.Potential influences of heavy metal in"soil-wheat(Triticum aestivum)"system on human health:A case study of sewage irrigation area in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):263-270.
[3]谭刚.个旧锡业开发与生态环境变迁(1890—1949)[J].中国历史地理论丛,2010,25(1):16-25.TAN Gang.On the connection between tin industry development and changes of ecological environment in Gejiu an surrounding areas(1890—1949)[J].Journal of Chinese Historical Geography,2010,25(1):16-25.
[4]宋雁辉,钟正燕,李红梅,等.云南个旧多金属矿区农田土壤-作物系统重金属污染现状:以乍甸镇为例[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(1):138-145.SONG Yan-hui,ZHONG Zheng-yan,LI Hong-mei,et al.Heavy metal pollution in-situ in farming soil-crop system in multi metal mining area:A case study of Zhadian Town,Gejiu City,Yunnan[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(1):138-145.
[5]杜彩艳,木霖,王红华,等.不同钝化剂及其组合对玉米(Zea mays)生长和吸收Pb、Cd、As、Zn影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1515-1522.DU Cai-yan,MU Lin,WANG Hong-hua,et al.Effects of different amendments on growth and Pb,Cd,As,Zn uptake by Zea mays[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1515-1522.
[6]Zhang G,Fukami M,Sekimoto H.Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and yield components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seeding stage[J].Field Crops Research,2002,77(2):93-98
[7]Liu W T,Zhou Q X,An J,et al.Variations in cadmium accumulation among Chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for Cd-safe cultivars[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173:737-743.
[8]Liu W T,Zhou Q X,Zhang Y L,et al.Lead accumulation in different Chinese cabbage cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91:781-788.
[9]Grant C A,Clarke J M,Duguid S,et al.Selection and breeding of plant cultivars to minimize cadmium accumulation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,390:301-310.
[10]刘维涛,周启星,孙约兵,等.大白菜对铅积累与转运的品种差异研究[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(1):63-67.LIU Wei-tao,ZHOU Qi-xing,SUN Yue-bing,et,al.Variety difference of lead accumulation and translocation in Chinese cabbage(Brassica peckinensis L.)[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(1):63-67.
[11]郭晓芳,卫泽斌,丘锦荣,等.玉米对重金属累积与转运的品种间差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):367-371.GUO Xiao-fang,WEI Ze-bin,QIU Jin-rong,et al.Differences between corn cultivars in accumulation and translocation of heavy metals[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(4):367-371.
[12]刘维涛,周启星.重金属污染预防品种的筛选与培育[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(6):1452-1458.LIU Wei-tao,ZHOU Qi-xing.Selection and breeding of heavy metal pollution-safe cultivars[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(6):1452-1458.
[13]陈建军,于蔚,祖艳群,等.玉米(Zea mays)对镉积累与转运的品种差异研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(10):1671-1676.CHEN Jian-jun,YU Wei,ZU Yan-qun,et al.Variety difference of Cd accumulation and translocation in Zea Mays[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(10):1671-1676.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:12-15,211-214.LU Ru-kun.Analysis methods of soil agricultural chemistry[M].Beijing:Chinese Agricultural Science Press,1999:12-15,211-214.
[15]周启星,宋玉芳.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.ZHOU Qi-xing,SONG Yu-fang.Principles and methods of contaminated soil remediation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[16]Fayiga A O,Ma L Q,Cao X D,et al.Effects of heavy metals on growth and arsenic accumulation in the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,13(2):289-296.
[17]Gareth J H,Guilan D,Tapash D,et al.Environmental and genetic control of commom cultivars grown in contaminated sites across bangladesh,China and India[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43(21):8381-8386.
[18]段桂兰,张红梅,刘云霞,等.水稻基因类型与生长环境对精米中砷积累的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2013,8(2):156-162.DUAN Gui-lan,ZHANG Hong-mei,LIU Yun-xia,et al.Impact of rice genotype and growing environment on arsenic accumulation in rice polished grains[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,8(2):156-162.
[19]孙洪欣,赵全利,薛培英,等.不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2068-2074.SUN Hong-xin,ZHAO Quan-li,XUE Pei-ying,et al.Variety difference of cadmium and lead accumulation and translocation in summer maize[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(12):2068-2074.
[20]谈宇荣,徐晓燕,丁永祯,等.旱稻吸收砷镉的基因型差异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1436-1443.TAN Yu-rong,XU Xiao-yan,DING Yong-zhen,et al.Genotypic variation of arsenic and cadmium uptake by upland rice[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1436-1443.
[21]李凡,张义贤.单一及复合污染下铅铜在玉米幼苗体内积累与迁移的动态变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(1):19-24.LI Fan,ZHANG Yi-xian.Dynamics of accumulation and distribution of Cu,Pb in Zea mays L.seedlings under single or combined pollution of Cu and Pb[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(1):19-24.
[22]Ding G A,Yu S Q.Air,water and soil environmental pollution and regulation mechanisms in Beijing and its ambient area:Observational experiment conducted[J].Annual Report of CAMS,2001:20-21.
[23]吴传星.不同玉米品种对重金属吸收累积特性研究[D].四川农业大学,2010.WU Chuan-xing.Study on characteristics of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in the different maize varieties[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2010.