鼠尾藓和砂藓对重金属富集能力的研究
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摘要
为了研究鼠尾藓和砂藓对重金属的富集能力,试验采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对铬、镉、铅和镍的含量进行了分析和比较,将4种重金属分别设置0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L 3个浓度梯度,根据正交试验设计方法设置9种不同浓度的复合试验,并设置一组对照,用不同浓度的单一金属和复合金属对苔藓进行10 d的胁迫处理,测定鼠尾藓和砂藓中重金属的含量。结果表明:在单一金属胁迫下,苔藓体内相应的重金属含量迅速增加;复合金属胁迫后的苔藓,各重金属含量均明显高于对照组。两种苔藓对4种重金属都具有很强的富集能力,其中对镉的富集能力最强。说明鼠尾藓和砂藓适合于作为重金属污染的指示生物和净化植物。
To study enrichment ability of Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens for heavy metals,an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the contents of four chemical elements,including chromium( Cr),cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb),and nickel( Ni). Three set up 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 mmol/L three concentration gradients of four kinds of heavy metals were set up respectively,including 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 mmol / L. The complex experiments with nine different concentrations were set up according to the orthogonal experimental design,a control group was also set up. The mosses were treated with stresses for 10 d using different concentrations of single metals and complex metals,and then the contents of heavy metals in Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens were determined. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the mosses increased rapidly under the stress of single metals,while the contents of four heavy metals in the mosses were significantly higher than those in the control group. The two kinds of mosses had very strong enrichment ability to four kinds of heavy metals,thereinto,their enrichment ability to Cd was strongest. The result indicates that Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens are suitable as indicator organisms and purification plants for the heavy metal pollution.
To study enrichment ability of Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens for heavy metals,an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the contents of four chemical elements,including chromium( Cr),cadmium( Cd),lead( Pb),and nickel( Ni). Three set up 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 mmol/L three concentration gradients of four kinds of heavy metals were set up respectively,including 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 mmol / L. The complex experiments with nine different concentrations were set up according to the orthogonal experimental design,a control group was also set up. The mosses were treated with stresses for 10 d using different concentrations of single metals and complex metals,and then the contents of heavy metals in Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens were determined. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the mosses increased rapidly under the stress of single metals,while the contents of four heavy metals in the mosses were significantly higher than those in the control group. The two kinds of mosses had very strong enrichment ability to four kinds of heavy metals,thereinto,their enrichment ability to Cd was strongest. The result indicates that Myuroclada maximowiczii and Racomitrium canescens are suitable as indicator organisms and purification plants for the heavy metal pollution.
引文
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[10]吴月燕,刘秀莲,洪丰.3种植物对重金属富集能力的比较[J].科技通报,2008,24(2):266-271.
[2]LEE C S,LI X D,ZHANG G,et al.Biomonitoring of trace metals in the atmosphere using moss(Hypnum plumaeforme)in the Nanling Mountains and the Pearl River Delta,Southern China[J].Atmos Environ,2005,39(3):397-407.
[3]OTVOS E,PAZMANDI T,TUBA Z.First national survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Hungary by the analysis of mosses[J].Sci Total Environ,2003,309(1/2/3):151-160.
[4]SAMECKA-CYMERMAN A,KOLON K,KEMPERS A J.A preliminary investigation in using Pohlia nutans and Larix Decidua as biomonitors of air pollution by the coke industry in Walbrzych(SW Poland)[J].Pol J Environ Stud,2008,17(1):121-128.
[5]SCHILLING J S,LEHMAN M E.Bioindication of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in the Southeastern US using the moss Thuidium delicatulum[J].Atmos Environ,2002,36(10):1611-1168.
[6]ZECHMEISTER H G,DULLINGER S,KOELLENSPERGER G,et al.Do metal concentrations in moss from the Zackenberg area,Northeast Greenland,provide a baseline for monitoring?[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2011,18(1):91-98.
[7]REPULA C M,QUINAIA S P,de CAMPOS B K,et al.Accumulation of chromium and lead in bryophytes and pteridophytes in a stream affected by tannery wastewater[J].Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,2012,88(1):84-88.
[8]MARIET C,GAUDRY A,AYRAULT S,et al.Heavy metal bioaccumulation by the bryophyte Scleropodium purum at three French sites under various influences:rural conditions,traffic,and industry[J].Environ Monit Assess,2011,174(1/2/3/4):107-118.
[9]安丽,曹同,俞膺浩.不同苔藓植物对重金属富集能力的比较[J].上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,35(6):64-70.
[10]吴月燕,刘秀莲,洪丰.3种植物对重金属富集能力的比较[J].科技通报,2008,24(2):266-271.