基于波数分析的激光Lamb波缺陷检测试验研究
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摘要
Lamb波的频散和多模态特性,使得利用Lamb波信号的时域或频域特征实现缺陷的定量检测具有一定的困难。基于全光学型激光超声检测系统,采用波数分析方法对铝板中缺陷开展定量检测研究。脉冲激光在固定位置激励,连续激光一维线扫描接收,获得时间-空间波场信号,Lamb波信号的传播特征以及Lamb波与缺陷之间的作用规律被直观的展现。采用二维傅里叶变换将波场信号从时间-空间域转换到频率-波数域,信号中包含的各模态可很好的识别出来。为保留空间信息,借鉴短时傅里叶变换的思想,采用短空间二维傅里叶变换得到沿扫描路径上波数的分布,从中可直观看出缺陷的位置和尺寸。进一步根据波数和频厚积之间的关系,可计算得到缺陷处铝板的厚度。试验结果表明:该方法有效实现了缺陷位置、大小以及深度的评估。
It is difficult to realize the quantitative detection of defects by using the time domain or frequency domain features of Lamb wave signals due to their dispersion and multi-modal characteristics. The study of defect detection quantitatively in aluminum plates is carried out by means of wavenumber analysis based on the full-optical laser ultrasonic testing system. The time-space wavefield signals are obtained by pulse laser in the fixed location excitation and continuous laser one-dimensional scanning acquisition, where the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave signal and the regular pattern of interaction between Lamb wave signal and defect can be visually displayed. The two-dimensional Fourier transform is used to convert the wavefield signal from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain where individual modes included in the signals are well discernible. Based on the idea of short-time Fourier transform, for retaining the space information, a short-space two-dimensional Fourier transform is adopted to obtain the distribution of wavenumber along the scanning path, where the location and size of defect can be visually displayed. Furthermore, the thickness of the aluminum plates in the defect area can be calculated based on the relationship between the wavenumber and the frequency-thickness product. Experimental results show that the method can effectively evaluate the location, size and depth of the defects.
It is difficult to realize the quantitative detection of defects by using the time domain or frequency domain features of Lamb wave signals due to their dispersion and multi-modal characteristics. The study of defect detection quantitatively in aluminum plates is carried out by means of wavenumber analysis based on the full-optical laser ultrasonic testing system. The time-space wavefield signals are obtained by pulse laser in the fixed location excitation and continuous laser one-dimensional scanning acquisition, where the propagation characteristics of Lamb wave signal and the regular pattern of interaction between Lamb wave signal and defect can be visually displayed. The two-dimensional Fourier transform is used to convert the wavefield signal from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain where individual modes included in the signals are well discernible. Based on the idea of short-time Fourier transform, for retaining the space information, a short-space two-dimensional Fourier transform is adopted to obtain the distribution of wavenumber along the scanning path, where the location and size of defect can be visually displayed. Furthermore, the thickness of the aluminum plates in the defect area can be calculated based on the relationship between the wavenumber and the frequency-thickness product. Experimental results show that the method can effectively evaluate the location, size and depth of the defects.
引文
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[10]LEE J R,CHIA C C,PARK C Y,et al.Laser ultrasonic anomalous wave propagation imaging method with adjacent wave subtraction:Algorithm[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2012,44(5):1507-1515.
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[12]TIAN Zhenhua,YU Lingyu,LECKEY C.Rapid guided wave delamination detection and quantification in composites using global-local sensing[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2016,25(8):1-11.
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[15]MICHAELS T E,MICHAELS J E,RUZZENE M.Frequency-wavenumber domain analysis of guided wavefields[J].Ultrasonics,2011,51(4):452-466.
[16]STASZEWSKI W J,LEE B C,MALLET L,et al.Structural health monitoring using scanning laser vibrometry:I.Lamb wave sensing[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2004,13(2):251-260.
[17]ALLEYNE D,CAWLEY P.A two-dimensional Fourier transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,89(3):1159-1168.
[18]YU Lingyu,TIAN Zhenhua.Lamb wave structural health monitoring using a hybrid PZT-laser vibrometer approach[J].Structural Health Monitoring,2013,12(5-6):469-483.
[19]RUZZENE M.Frequency-wavenumber domain filtering for improved damage visualization[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2007,16(6):2116-2129.
[20]朱倩,裘进浩,张超,等.双层层压材料中激光超声检测方法的应用[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(3):031402.ZHU Qian,QIU Jinhao,ZHANG Chao,et al.Application of laser ultrasonic detection method for double-layer laminated material[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(3):031402.
[21]KUDELA P,RADZIENSKI M,OSTACHOWICZ W.Identification of cracks in thin-walled structures by means of wavenumber filtering[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2015,50:456-466.
[22]顾林霞.基于频率-波数域分析方法的金属板损伤检测与评估[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.GU Linxia.Damage detection and evaluation for metallic plates based on frequency-wavenumber analysis[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2016.
[23]刘增华,曹丽华,何存富,等.铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究[J].实验力学,2016,31(4):425-430.LIU Zenghua,CAO Lihua,HE Cunfu,et al.On the mode identification and defect detection of laser-induced Lamb waves signal in an aluminum plate[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(4):425-430.
[24]SOHN H,DUTTA D,YANG J Y,et al.Automated detection of delamination and disbond from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser vibrometer[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2011,20(4):045017.
[25]FLYNN E B,CHONG S Y,JARMER G J,et al.Structural imaging through local wavenumber estimation of guided waves[J].NDT&E International,2013,59:1-10.
[26]KIM H,JHANG K,SHIN M,et al.A noncontact NDEmethod using a laser generated focused-Lamb wave with enhanced defect-detection ability and spatial resolution[J].NDT&E International,2006,39(4):312-319.
[27]MCAULAY R J,QUATIERI T F.Speech analysis/synthesis based on sinusoidal representation[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1986,34(4):744-754.
[28]LI F C,MENG G,KAGEYAMA K,et al.Optimal mother wavelet selection for Lamb wave analyses[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2009,20(10):1147-1161.
[2]王文杰.高性能先进舰船用合金材料的应用现状及展望[J].材料导报,2013,27(4):98-105.WANG Wenjie.The appliation status and perspective of alloys for high performance and advanced naval vessels[J].Materials Review,2013,27(4):98-105.
[3]刘增华,徐营赞,何存富,等.板状结构中基于Lamb波单模态的缺陷成像试验研究[J].工程力学,2013,31(4):232-238.LIU Zenghua,XU Yingzan,HE Cunfu,et al.Experimental study of defect imaging based on single lamb wave mode in plate-like structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,31(4):232-238.
[4]王强,袁慎芳.主动Lamb波结构健康检测中信号增强与损伤成像方法[J].航空学报,2008,29(4):1061-1067.WANG Qiang,YUAN Shenfang.Amplifying signal and imaging damage method for active Lamb wave structure health monitoring[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(4):1061-1067.
[5]刘增华,穆云龙,宋国荣,等.复合材料板Chirp激励的Lamb波成像技术研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(9):1961-1971.LIU Zenghua,MU Yunlong,SONG Guorong,et al.Research on Lamb wave imaging technique for composite plate based on chirp excitation[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(9):1961-1971.
[6]刘增华,樊军伟,何存富,等.基于全向型S0模态磁致伸缩传感器的无参考缺陷成像方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(10):8-16.LIU Zenghua,FAN Junwei,HE Cunfu,et al.Research on bseline-free dmage imaging method employing omni-directional S0 mode magnetostrictive transducers[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(10):8-16.
[7]刘增华,樊军伟,何存富,等.基于概率损伤算法的复合材料板空气耦合Lamb波扫描成像[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(1):227-235.LIU Zenghua,FAN Junwei,HE Cunfu,et al.Scanning imaging of composite plate using air-coupled Lamb waves based on probabilistic damage algorithm[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(1):227-235.
[8]YU Lingyu,LECKEY C A C.Lamb wave-based quantitative crack detection using a focusing array algorithm[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2013,24(9):1138-1152.
[9]LEE J R,JEONG H,CIANG C C,et al.Application of ultrasonic wave propagation imaging method to automatic damage visualization of nuclear power plant pipeline[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2010,240(10):3513-3520.
[10]LEE J R,CHIA C C,PARK C Y,et al.Laser ultrasonic anomalous wave propagation imaging method with adjacent wave subtraction:Algorithm[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2012,44(5):1507-1515.
[11]MICHAELS J E,DAWSON A J,MICHAELS T E,et al.Approaches to hybrid SHM and NDE of composite aerospace structures[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2014,9064:906427.
[12]TIAN Zhenhua,YU Lingyu,LECKEY C.Rapid guided wave delamination detection and quantification in composites using global-local sensing[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2016,25(8):1-11.
[13]LIU Zenghua,SUN Kunming,SONG Guorong,et al.Damage localization in aluminum plate with compact rectangular phased piezoelectric transducer array[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2016,70:625-636.
[14]YU Lingyu,GIURGIUTIU V.In situ 2-D piezoelectric wafer active sensors arrays for guided wave damage detection[J].Ultrasonics,2008,48(2):117-134.
[15]MICHAELS T E,MICHAELS J E,RUZZENE M.Frequency-wavenumber domain analysis of guided wavefields[J].Ultrasonics,2011,51(4):452-466.
[16]STASZEWSKI W J,LEE B C,MALLET L,et al.Structural health monitoring using scanning laser vibrometry:I.Lamb wave sensing[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2004,13(2):251-260.
[17]ALLEYNE D,CAWLEY P.A two-dimensional Fourier transform method for the measurement of propagating multimode signals[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1991,89(3):1159-1168.
[18]YU Lingyu,TIAN Zhenhua.Lamb wave structural health monitoring using a hybrid PZT-laser vibrometer approach[J].Structural Health Monitoring,2013,12(5-6):469-483.
[19]RUZZENE M.Frequency-wavenumber domain filtering for improved damage visualization[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2007,16(6):2116-2129.
[20]朱倩,裘进浩,张超,等.双层层压材料中激光超声检测方法的应用[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(3):031402.ZHU Qian,QIU Jinhao,ZHANG Chao,et al.Application of laser ultrasonic detection method for double-layer laminated material[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(3):031402.
[21]KUDELA P,RADZIENSKI M,OSTACHOWICZ W.Identification of cracks in thin-walled structures by means of wavenumber filtering[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2015,50:456-466.
[22]顾林霞.基于频率-波数域分析方法的金属板损伤检测与评估[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.GU Linxia.Damage detection and evaluation for metallic plates based on frequency-wavenumber analysis[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2016.
[23]刘增华,曹丽华,何存富,等.铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究[J].实验力学,2016,31(4):425-430.LIU Zenghua,CAO Lihua,HE Cunfu,et al.On the mode identification and defect detection of laser-induced Lamb waves signal in an aluminum plate[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2016,31(4):425-430.
[24]SOHN H,DUTTA D,YANG J Y,et al.Automated detection of delamination and disbond from wavefield images obtained using a scanning laser vibrometer[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2011,20(4):045017.
[25]FLYNN E B,CHONG S Y,JARMER G J,et al.Structural imaging through local wavenumber estimation of guided waves[J].NDT&E International,2013,59:1-10.
[26]KIM H,JHANG K,SHIN M,et al.A noncontact NDEmethod using a laser generated focused-Lamb wave with enhanced defect-detection ability and spatial resolution[J].NDT&E International,2006,39(4):312-319.
[27]MCAULAY R J,QUATIERI T F.Speech analysis/synthesis based on sinusoidal representation[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1986,34(4):744-754.
[28]LI F C,MENG G,KAGEYAMA K,et al.Optimal mother wavelet selection for Lamb wave analyses[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2009,20(10):1147-1161.
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