石化废水深度处理技术的研究进展
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摘要
随着环境保护要求的不断提高,特别是2015年颁布的《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》,将石化废水的COD排放限值由原来的100 mg·L~(-1)提高至60 mg·L~(-1),中国石化废水的处理面临巨大的挑战。目前石化废水的处理主要以二级生物处理为核心,出水可生化性差,提标难度大。因此对生物处理出水进行深度处理,以满足新的排放标准,是当前石化企业的迫切需求。结合石化废水二级处理出水的特点,介绍了目前较为成熟的深度处理技术,包括吸附法、高级氧化法、膜分离技术、电催化氧化法,并特别介绍了曝气生物滤池(BAF)技术及其工业化应用情况。最后提出,臭氧氧化与BAF技术组合,具有效率高、经济性好的优点,在石化废水深度处理中具有广阔的应用前景。
With the increasing demand of the environmental protection,especially the Emission Standard of Pollutants for Petroleum Chemistry Industry which has been increased COD emission limit from 100 mg·L~(-1) to60 mg·L~(-1) for petrochemical wastewater promulgated in 2015,thence the treatment of petrochemical wastewater faces enormous challenges in China. At present,the treatment process of petrochemical wastewater is mainly based on biological treatment,and the effluent is poor in biodegradability and difficult to meet the new standard. Therefore,it is urgent to develop the advanced treatment process to meet emission limit for petrochemical secondary effluent. The characteristics of secondary petrochemical wastewater is explained. Meanwhile,the mature advanced treatments,including adsorption on activated carbon,the advanced oxidation processes,membrane filtration,and electrocatalytic oxidation,are introduced. Furthermore,the biological aerated filter( BAF) process and its applications are stated. Based on the previous work,it is suggested that the combination of ozonation and BAF with advantages of high efficiency and low cost is a promising technique for advanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
With the increasing demand of the environmental protection,especially the Emission Standard of Pollutants for Petroleum Chemistry Industry which has been increased COD emission limit from 100 mg·L~(-1) to60 mg·L~(-1) for petrochemical wastewater promulgated in 2015,thence the treatment of petrochemical wastewater faces enormous challenges in China. At present,the treatment process of petrochemical wastewater is mainly based on biological treatment,and the effluent is poor in biodegradability and difficult to meet the new standard. Therefore,it is urgent to develop the advanced treatment process to meet emission limit for petrochemical secondary effluent. The characteristics of secondary petrochemical wastewater is explained. Meanwhile,the mature advanced treatments,including adsorption on activated carbon,the advanced oxidation processes,membrane filtration,and electrocatalytic oxidation,are introduced. Furthermore,the biological aerated filter( BAF) process and its applications are stated. Based on the previous work,it is suggested that the combination of ozonation and BAF with advantages of high efficiency and low cost is a promising technique for advanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater.
引文
1环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.石油化学工业污染物排放标准:GB 31571-2015[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2015General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum chemistry industry:GB 31571-2015[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2015
2李彤,殷爱玲,王永庆.应用水解+A/O工艺治理化工废水的工程实践[J].环境工程,2006,24(4):10-11Li Tong,Yin Ailing,Wang Yongqing.Engineering practice of treating chemical wastewater by the hydrolysis+A/O process[J].Environmental Engineering,2006,24(4):10-11
3 Ma F,Guo J B,Zhao L J,et al.Application of bioaugmentation to improve the activated sludge system into the contact oxidation system treating petrochemical wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(2):597-602
4 Wu C,Zhou Y,Sun Q,et al.Appling hydrolysis acidification-anoxic-oxic process in the treatment of petrochemical wastewater:from bench scale reactor to full scale wastewater treatment plant[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,309:185-191
5李星星.隔油/气浮/生化组合工艺处理炼油厂含盐废水应用实例[J].净水技术,2016,35(2):89-92Li Xingxing.Application example of combined process of deoiling/floatation/biochemistry for salt-containing wastewater treatment of petrochemical refinery[J].Water Pruification Technology,2016,35(2):89-92
6韩国义,郑俊,王正收,等.隔油/气浮/两段生化法处理炼油厂含油废水[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(2):64-67Han Guoyi,Zheng Jun,Wang Zhengshou,et al.Treatment of oily wastewater from oil refinery by oil separation/floatation/two-stage biochemical process[J].China Water and Wastewater,2010,26(2):64-67
7刘新峰.中原油田石油化工总厂污水处理工艺优化[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010Liu Xinfeng.Optimization of sewage treatment craft in Zhongyuan Oil Field refinery[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2010
8祁晓霞.炼油废水处理及回用工艺研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011Qi Xiaoxia.Study on refinery wastewater treatment and reuse technology[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011
9 Sun A C,Kosar W,Zhang Y,et al.Vacuum membrane distillation for desalination of water using hollow fiber membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,455:131-142
10 Wu C,Li Y,Zhou Y,et al.Upgrading the Chinese biggest petrochemical wastewater treatment plant:Technologies research and full scale application[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633:189-197
11丁鹏元,初里冰,张楠,等.O池溶解氧水平对石化废水A/O工艺污染物去除效果和污泥微生物群落的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):604-611Ding Pengyuan,Chu Libing,Zhang Nan,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen in the oxic parts of A/O reactor on degradation of organic pollutants and analysis of microbial community for treating petrchemical wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(2):604-611
12 Deblonde T,Cossu-Leguille C,Hartemann P.Emerging pollutants in wastewater:a review of the literature[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2011,214(6):442-448
13 Laspidou C S,Rittmann B E.A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances,soluble microbial products,and active and inert biomass[J].Water Research,2002,36(11):2711-2720
14 Wu C,Gao Z,Zhou Y,et al.Treatment of secondary effluent from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant by ozonation-biological aerated filter[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2015,90(3):543-549
15 Bolong N,Ismail A F,Salim M R,et al.A review of the effects of emerging contaminants in wastewater and options for their removal[J].Desalination,2009,239(1-3):229-246
16 Velten S,Knappe D R U,Traber J,et al.Characterization of natural organic matter adsorption in granular activated carbon adsorbers[J].Water Research,2011,45(13):3951-3959
17丁岩,吴昌永,周岳溪,等.活性炭吸附石化二级出水有机物去除特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1183-1189Ding Yan,Wu Changyong,Zhou Yuexi,et al.Adsorption characteristics of organics from petrochemical secondary effluent by activated carbon[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(4):1183-1189
18 Crisafully R,Milhome M A L,Cavalcante R M,et al.Removal of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petrochemical wastewater using low-cost adsorbents of natural origin[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(10):4515-4519
19 Huber M M,Gbel A,Joss A,et al.Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents:A pilot study[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(11):4290-4299
20 Shokrollahzadeh S,Azizmohseni F,Golmohammad F,et al.Biodegradation potential and bacterial diversity of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Iran[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6127-6133
21 Van der Bruggen B,Vandecasteele C.Distillation vs.membrane filtration:Overview of process evolutions in seawater desalination[J].Desalination,2002,143(3):207-218
22 Radjenovic'J,Petrovi c'M,Ventura F,et al.Rejection of pharmaceuticals in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2008,42(14):3601-3610
23 Ciardelli G,Corsi L,Marcucci M.Membrane separation for wastewater reuse in the textile industry[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2001,31(2):189-197
24 Pizzichini M,Russo C,Meo C D.Purification of pulp and paper wastewater,with membrane technology,for water reuse in a closed loop[J].Desalination,2005,178(1-3):351-359
25 Suthanthararajan R,Ravindranath E,Chits K,et al.Membrane application for recovery and reuse of water from treated tannery wastewater[J].Desalination,2004,164(2):151-156
26 Takht Ravanchi M,Kaghazchi T,Kargari A.Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry:A review[J].Desalination,2009,235(1-3):199-244
27 Wahab Mohammad A,Othaman R,Hilal N.Potential use of nanofiltration membranes in treatment of industrial wastewater from Ni-Pelectroless plating[J].Desalination,2004,168:241-252
28 Wong J M.Membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse for petrochemical and petroleum refining industries[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2011(15):1727-1738
29 Wang D,Tong F,Aerts P.Application of the combined ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis for refinery wastewater reuse in Sinopec Yanshan Plant[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2011,25(1-3):133-142
30 Moreira F C,Boaventura R A R,Brillas E,et al.Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes:A review on their application to synthetic and real wastewaters[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2017,202:217-261
31 Dai Q,Zhou J,Weng M,et al.Electrochemical oxidation metronidazole with Co modified PbO2electrode:Degradation and mechanism[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2016,166:109-116
32 Pereira G F,Rocha-Filho R C,Bocchi N,et al.Electrochemical degradation of the herbicide picloram using a filter-press flow reactor with a boron-doped diamond orβ-PbO2anode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,179:588-598
33 Zhu R,Yang C,Zhou M,et al.Industrial park wastewater deeply treated and reused by a novel electrochemical oxidation reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260:427-433
34 Mendoza-Espinosa L,Stephenson T.A review of biological aerated filters(BAFs)for wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering Science,1999,16(3):201-216
35管洪艳,贾权,杜云霞,等.曝气生物滤池法污水深度处理及回用[J].水处理技术,2007,33(2):74-76Guan Hongyan,Jia Quan,Du Yunxia,et al.Deep treatment of sewage by aerating biological filter and resue[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2007,33(2):74-76
36 Moore R,Quarmby J,Stephenson T.The effects of media size on the performance of biological aerated filters[J].Water Research,2001,35(10):2514-2522
37 Zhang Q,Wang C,Jiang L,et al.Impact of dissolved oxygen on the microbial community structure of an intermittent biological aerated filter(IBAF)and the removal efficiency of gasification wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,255:198-204
38 Liu F,Zhao C C,Zhao D F,et al.Tertiary treatment of textile wastewater with combined media biological aerated filter(CMBAF)at different hydraulic loadings and dissolved oxygen concentrations[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,160(1):161-167
39 Lazarova V,Manem J.Advances in biofilm aerobic reactors ensuring effective biofilm activity control[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,29(10-11):319-327
40任静.曝气生物滤池深度处理ABS树脂废水试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2017Ren Jing.Study on advanced treatment process of ABS resin wastewater by biological aerated filter[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2017
41 Ding P,Chu L,Wang J.Biological treatment of actual petrochemical wastewater using anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and the microbial diversity analysis[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(23):10193-10202
42 Wang S,Ma J,Liu B,et al.Degradation characteristics of secondary effluent of domestic wastewater by combined process of ozonation and biofiltration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(1):109-114
43 Wu C,Zhou Y,Wang Y,et al.Innovative combination of Fe2+-BAF and ozonation for enhancing phosphorus and organic micropollutants removal treating petrochemical secondary effluent[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,323:654-662
44 Rozas O,Baeza C,Nú?ez K,et al.Organic micropollutants(OMPs)oxidation by ozone:Effect of activated carbon on toxicity abatement[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,590-591:430-439
45 Mi2ík M,Knasmueller S,Ferk F,et al.Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of tertiary treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3681-3691
46 Lee C O,Howe K J,Thomson B M.Ozone and biofiltration as an alternative to reverse osmosis for removing PPCPs and micropollutants from treated wastewater[J].Water Research,2012,46(4):1005-1014
47王树涛.O3/BAF联合工艺深度处理生活污水二级出水的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔冰工业大学,2007Wang Shutao.Advanced treatment of secondary effluent by combined pre-ozonation and biofiltration[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007
48 Hollender J,Zimmermann S G,Koepke S,et al.Elimination of organic micropollutants in a municipal wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation followed by sand filtration[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43(20):7862-7869
49 Wu C,Zhou Y,Sun X,et al.The recent development of advanced wastewater treatment by ozone and biological aerated filter[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(9):8315-8329
50 Cui J,Wang X,Yuan Y,et al.Combined ozone oxidation and biological aerated filter processes for treatment of cyanide containing electroplating wastewater[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,241:184-189
51 He Y,Wang X,Xu J,et al.Application of integrated ozone biological aerated filters and membrane filtration in water reuse of textile effluents[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,133:150-157
52 Fu L Y,Wu C Y,Zhou Y X,et al.Treatment of petrochemical secondary effluent by an up-flow biological aerated filter(BAF)[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(8):2031-2038
53 Zhao X,Wang Y,Ye Z,et al.Oil field wastewater treatment in biological aerated filter by immobilized microorganisms[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(7):1475-1483
54 Zou X.Combination of ozonation,activated carbon,and biological aerated filter for advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater for reuse[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(11):8174-8181
55 Wang X,Gu X,Lin D,et al.Treatment of acid rose dye containing wastewater by ozonizing-biological aerated filter[J].Dyes and Pigments,2007,74(3):736-740
56 Lu X,Yang B,Chen J,et al.Treatment of wastewater containing azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B using sequential ozonation and upflow biological aerated filter process[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(1):241-245
57 Zhang S,Zheng J,Chen Z.Combination of ozonation and biological aerated filter(BAF)for bio-treated coking wastewater[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2014,132:610-615
58 Ding P,Chu L,Wang J.Advanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater by combined ozonation and biological aerated filter[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(10):9673-9682
59 Qi L,Wang X,Xu Q.Coupling of biological methods with membrane filtration using ozone as pre-treatment for water reuse[J].Desalination,2011,270(1-3):264-268
2李彤,殷爱玲,王永庆.应用水解+A/O工艺治理化工废水的工程实践[J].环境工程,2006,24(4):10-11Li Tong,Yin Ailing,Wang Yongqing.Engineering practice of treating chemical wastewater by the hydrolysis+A/O process[J].Environmental Engineering,2006,24(4):10-11
3 Ma F,Guo J B,Zhao L J,et al.Application of bioaugmentation to improve the activated sludge system into the contact oxidation system treating petrochemical wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(2):597-602
4 Wu C,Zhou Y,Sun Q,et al.Appling hydrolysis acidification-anoxic-oxic process in the treatment of petrochemical wastewater:from bench scale reactor to full scale wastewater treatment plant[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,309:185-191
5李星星.隔油/气浮/生化组合工艺处理炼油厂含盐废水应用实例[J].净水技术,2016,35(2):89-92Li Xingxing.Application example of combined process of deoiling/floatation/biochemistry for salt-containing wastewater treatment of petrochemical refinery[J].Water Pruification Technology,2016,35(2):89-92
6韩国义,郑俊,王正收,等.隔油/气浮/两段生化法处理炼油厂含油废水[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(2):64-67Han Guoyi,Zheng Jun,Wang Zhengshou,et al.Treatment of oily wastewater from oil refinery by oil separation/floatation/two-stage biochemical process[J].China Water and Wastewater,2010,26(2):64-67
7刘新峰.中原油田石油化工总厂污水处理工艺优化[D].西安:西安石油大学,2010Liu Xinfeng.Optimization of sewage treatment craft in Zhongyuan Oil Field refinery[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2010
8祁晓霞.炼油废水处理及回用工艺研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2011Qi Xiaoxia.Study on refinery wastewater treatment and reuse technology[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011
9 Sun A C,Kosar W,Zhang Y,et al.Vacuum membrane distillation for desalination of water using hollow fiber membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,455:131-142
10 Wu C,Li Y,Zhou Y,et al.Upgrading the Chinese biggest petrochemical wastewater treatment plant:Technologies research and full scale application[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633:189-197
11丁鹏元,初里冰,张楠,等.O池溶解氧水平对石化废水A/O工艺污染物去除效果和污泥微生物群落的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):604-611Ding Pengyuan,Chu Libing,Zhang Nan,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen in the oxic parts of A/O reactor on degradation of organic pollutants and analysis of microbial community for treating petrchemical wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(2):604-611
12 Deblonde T,Cossu-Leguille C,Hartemann P.Emerging pollutants in wastewater:a review of the literature[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2011,214(6):442-448
13 Laspidou C S,Rittmann B E.A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances,soluble microbial products,and active and inert biomass[J].Water Research,2002,36(11):2711-2720
14 Wu C,Gao Z,Zhou Y,et al.Treatment of secondary effluent from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant by ozonation-biological aerated filter[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2015,90(3):543-549
15 Bolong N,Ismail A F,Salim M R,et al.A review of the effects of emerging contaminants in wastewater and options for their removal[J].Desalination,2009,239(1-3):229-246
16 Velten S,Knappe D R U,Traber J,et al.Characterization of natural organic matter adsorption in granular activated carbon adsorbers[J].Water Research,2011,45(13):3951-3959
17丁岩,吴昌永,周岳溪,等.活性炭吸附石化二级出水有机物去除特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1183-1189Ding Yan,Wu Changyong,Zhou Yuexi,et al.Adsorption characteristics of organics from petrochemical secondary effluent by activated carbon[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(4):1183-1189
18 Crisafully R,Milhome M A L,Cavalcante R M,et al.Removal of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from petrochemical wastewater using low-cost adsorbents of natural origin[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(10):4515-4519
19 Huber M M,Gbel A,Joss A,et al.Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents:A pilot study[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(11):4290-4299
20 Shokrollahzadeh S,Azizmohseni F,Golmohammad F,et al.Biodegradation potential and bacterial diversity of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant in Iran[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6127-6133
21 Van der Bruggen B,Vandecasteele C.Distillation vs.membrane filtration:Overview of process evolutions in seawater desalination[J].Desalination,2002,143(3):207-218
22 Radjenovic'J,Petrovi c'M,Ventura F,et al.Rejection of pharmaceuticals in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,2008,42(14):3601-3610
23 Ciardelli G,Corsi L,Marcucci M.Membrane separation for wastewater reuse in the textile industry[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2001,31(2):189-197
24 Pizzichini M,Russo C,Meo C D.Purification of pulp and paper wastewater,with membrane technology,for water reuse in a closed loop[J].Desalination,2005,178(1-3):351-359
25 Suthanthararajan R,Ravindranath E,Chits K,et al.Membrane application for recovery and reuse of water from treated tannery wastewater[J].Desalination,2004,164(2):151-156
26 Takht Ravanchi M,Kaghazchi T,Kargari A.Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry:A review[J].Desalination,2009,235(1-3):199-244
27 Wahab Mohammad A,Othaman R,Hilal N.Potential use of nanofiltration membranes in treatment of industrial wastewater from Ni-Pelectroless plating[J].Desalination,2004,168:241-252
28 Wong J M.Membranes for wastewater reclamation and reuse for petrochemical and petroleum refining industries[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2011(15):1727-1738
29 Wang D,Tong F,Aerts P.Application of the combined ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis for refinery wastewater reuse in Sinopec Yanshan Plant[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2011,25(1-3):133-142
30 Moreira F C,Boaventura R A R,Brillas E,et al.Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes:A review on their application to synthetic and real wastewaters[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2017,202:217-261
31 Dai Q,Zhou J,Weng M,et al.Electrochemical oxidation metronidazole with Co modified PbO2electrode:Degradation and mechanism[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2016,166:109-116
32 Pereira G F,Rocha-Filho R C,Bocchi N,et al.Electrochemical degradation of the herbicide picloram using a filter-press flow reactor with a boron-doped diamond orβ-PbO2anode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,179:588-598
33 Zhu R,Yang C,Zhou M,et al.Industrial park wastewater deeply treated and reused by a novel electrochemical oxidation reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,260:427-433
34 Mendoza-Espinosa L,Stephenson T.A review of biological aerated filters(BAFs)for wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering Science,1999,16(3):201-216
35管洪艳,贾权,杜云霞,等.曝气生物滤池法污水深度处理及回用[J].水处理技术,2007,33(2):74-76Guan Hongyan,Jia Quan,Du Yunxia,et al.Deep treatment of sewage by aerating biological filter and resue[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2007,33(2):74-76
36 Moore R,Quarmby J,Stephenson T.The effects of media size on the performance of biological aerated filters[J].Water Research,2001,35(10):2514-2522
37 Zhang Q,Wang C,Jiang L,et al.Impact of dissolved oxygen on the microbial community structure of an intermittent biological aerated filter(IBAF)and the removal efficiency of gasification wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,255:198-204
38 Liu F,Zhao C C,Zhao D F,et al.Tertiary treatment of textile wastewater with combined media biological aerated filter(CMBAF)at different hydraulic loadings and dissolved oxygen concentrations[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,160(1):161-167
39 Lazarova V,Manem J.Advances in biofilm aerobic reactors ensuring effective biofilm activity control[J].Water Science and Technology,1994,29(10-11):319-327
40任静.曝气生物滤池深度处理ABS树脂废水试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2017Ren Jing.Study on advanced treatment process of ABS resin wastewater by biological aerated filter[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2017
41 Ding P,Chu L,Wang J.Biological treatment of actual petrochemical wastewater using anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and the microbial diversity analysis[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(23):10193-10202
42 Wang S,Ma J,Liu B,et al.Degradation characteristics of secondary effluent of domestic wastewater by combined process of ozonation and biofiltration[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(1):109-114
43 Wu C,Zhou Y,Wang Y,et al.Innovative combination of Fe2+-BAF and ozonation for enhancing phosphorus and organic micropollutants removal treating petrochemical secondary effluent[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,323:654-662
44 Rozas O,Baeza C,Nú?ez K,et al.Organic micropollutants(OMPs)oxidation by ozone:Effect of activated carbon on toxicity abatement[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,590-591:430-439
45 Mi2ík M,Knasmueller S,Ferk F,et al.Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of tertiary treated municipal wastewater[J].Water Research,2011,45(12):3681-3691
46 Lee C O,Howe K J,Thomson B M.Ozone and biofiltration as an alternative to reverse osmosis for removing PPCPs and micropollutants from treated wastewater[J].Water Research,2012,46(4):1005-1014
47王树涛.O3/BAF联合工艺深度处理生活污水二级出水的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔冰工业大学,2007Wang Shutao.Advanced treatment of secondary effluent by combined pre-ozonation and biofiltration[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007
48 Hollender J,Zimmermann S G,Koepke S,et al.Elimination of organic micropollutants in a municipal wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation followed by sand filtration[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43(20):7862-7869
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