非饱和土抗剪强度理论的关键问题与研究进展
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摘要
非饱和土抗剪强度与其矿物组成、细观结构和含水率等因素密切相关,许多学者先后提出了多种非饱和土抗剪强度的形成机理、计算方法以及测试手段。为总结现有研究成果,深化对非饱和土抗剪强度理论的认知,综述了非饱和土抗剪强度理论发展中的若干关键问题。首先讨论了不同类型土体的细观结构差异,分析了非饱和土抗剪强度形成的细观机理,对比分析了砂性土与黏性土非饱和抗剪强度变化规律的差异性;其次总结了几种较为典型的非饱和土抗剪强度计算公式,对不同非饱和参数的取值方法进行了分析;最后介绍了多种用于非饱和土抗剪强度测试的新仪器与新方法,如非饱和土直剪、非饱和三轴以及非饱和土环剪装置等,部分国外已有研究成果在中国仍处于空白状态,值得中国同行借鉴。根据上述分析,对非饱和土抗剪强度理论的研究方向进行了展望:(1)应进一步从细观角度开展不同结构土体土颗粒之间的相互作用以及土、水相互作用对宏观非饱和抗剪强度影响的研究;(2)应根据土质类型、含水状态和应力状态等因素综合确定非饱和土抗剪强度计算参数,提出相应的抗剪强度计算方法,并逐步尝试将非饱和土强度理论应用至工程实际;(3)进一步改进现有非饱和抗剪强度测试仪器,使之可以控制多种试验变量,优化测试方法,进一步提高试验效率与精度。
The shear strength of unsaturated soil was closely related to the mineral composition,mesoscopic structure and water content.Many scholars have proposed varieties of formation mechanism,calculation methods and testing methods of the shear strength of unsaturated soil.In order to summarize the existing research results and deepen the cognition of the shear strength theory of unsaturated soil,some key problems in the development of the shear strength theory of unsaturated soil were reviewed. First of all,the microstructure differences of different unsaturated soils were discussed and the micro mechanism of the shear strength of unsaturatedsoil was analyzed.The differences of changing laws of the unsaturated shear strength between sandy soil and silty soil were compared and analyzed.Then,several typical strength formulas of unsaturated soil shear strength were summarized,and the different unsaturated parameter selection methods were analyzed.Finally,many new instruments and methods for testing the shear strength of unsaturated soil were introduced,such as the unsaturated direct shear test,unsaturated triaxial test and unsaturated ring shear test.Some foreign research results were still in a blank state in China,which was worth using for reference for domestic scholar.The future research direction of shear strength theory of unsaturated soil is prospected according to the above analysis.First and foremost,the effect of soil particle interaction and soil water interaction on the macro shear strength of unsaturated soil should be further investigated from the microscopic perspective.Second,the calculation parameters of the unsaturated shear strength should be determined according to the comprehensive factors of soil type,water content state and stress state.The corresponding calculation method should be put forward,and unsaturated soil strength theory tends to be applied in the practical engineering.Last but not least,the existing shear strength testing methods of unsaturated soil should be further modified to control a variety of test variables.The test method should be optimized,and the efficiency and accuracy should be further improved.
The shear strength of unsaturated soil was closely related to the mineral composition,mesoscopic structure and water content.Many scholars have proposed varieties of formation mechanism,calculation methods and testing methods of the shear strength of unsaturated soil.In order to summarize the existing research results and deepen the cognition of the shear strength theory of unsaturated soil,some key problems in the development of the shear strength theory of unsaturated soil were reviewed. First of all,the microstructure differences of different unsaturated soils were discussed and the micro mechanism of the shear strength of unsaturatedsoil was analyzed.The differences of changing laws of the unsaturated shear strength between sandy soil and silty soil were compared and analyzed.Then,several typical strength formulas of unsaturated soil shear strength were summarized,and the different unsaturated parameter selection methods were analyzed.Finally,many new instruments and methods for testing the shear strength of unsaturated soil were introduced,such as the unsaturated direct shear test,unsaturated triaxial test and unsaturated ring shear test.Some foreign research results were still in a blank state in China,which was worth using for reference for domestic scholar.The future research direction of shear strength theory of unsaturated soil is prospected according to the above analysis.First and foremost,the effect of soil particle interaction and soil water interaction on the macro shear strength of unsaturated soil should be further investigated from the microscopic perspective.Second,the calculation parameters of the unsaturated shear strength should be determined according to the comprehensive factors of soil type,water content state and stress state.The corresponding calculation method should be put forward,and unsaturated soil strength theory tends to be applied in the practical engineering.Last but not least,the existing shear strength testing methods of unsaturated soil should be further modified to control a variety of test variables.The test method should be optimized,and the efficiency and accuracy should be further improved.
引文
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