中国服务贸易壁垒测度——基于修正的Hoeckman频度指数的分析
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摘要
随着全球"服务经济"时代到来,服务贸易自由化进程的不断加快促使各国最大程度上开放服务市场。基于修正后的Hoeckman频度测量法的指标体系分析了中国服务贸易壁垒的行业特征。结果表明,各服务业的贸易壁垒有如下特征:分销、旅游服务业的贸易壁垒较低,教育、通信和商业服务业的贸易壁垒限制较多,金融、环境服务业近年来服务贸易壁垒在逐步降低,运输服务属于中度开放的服务贸易部门,建筑和娱乐服务部门贸易开放政策尚不健全;但服务业外资企业行政审批手续相对繁杂,服务贸易政策对跨境交付和境外消费贸易模式的限制相对较少,对商业存在和自然人流动限制则相对严格。
With the advent of the global"service economy"era,the accelerating process of service trade liberalization has prompted countries to open up the service market to the greatest extent.Based on the revised Hoeckman frequency measurement method,the industry characteristics of China's service trade barriers are analyzed.It is showed that the trade barriers of various service industries have the following characteristics:the trade barriers of distribution and tourism services are low,and the trade barriers of education,communication and business services are more restricted.The barriers to service trade in the financial and environmental service industries are gradually Reducing,transportation services belong to the moderately open service trade department,and the trade opening policy of the construction and entertainment service departments is still not perfect;but the administrative approval procedures for foreign-funded enterprises in the service industry are relatively complicated,and the service trade policy restricts cross-border delivery and overseas consumption trade patterns.Relatively few,the restrictions on commercial presence and natural person mobility are relatively strict.
With the advent of the global"service economy"era,the accelerating process of service trade liberalization has prompted countries to open up the service market to the greatest extent.Based on the revised Hoeckman frequency measurement method,the industry characteristics of China's service trade barriers are analyzed.It is showed that the trade barriers of various service industries have the following characteristics:the trade barriers of distribution and tourism services are low,and the trade barriers of education,communication and business services are more restricted.The barriers to service trade in the financial and environmental service industries are gradually Reducing,transportation services belong to the moderately open service trade department,and the trade opening policy of the construction and entertainment service departments is still not perfect;but the administrative approval procedures for foreign-funded enterprises in the service industry are relatively complicated,and the service trade policy restricts cross-border delivery and overseas consumption trade patterns.Relatively few,the restrictions on commercial presence and natural person mobility are relatively strict.
引文
[1]Roy M.Services Commitments in Preferential Trade Agreements:An Expanded Dataset[J/OL].(2011-11-09)[2018-07-12].https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201118_e.pdf
[2]Whalley J.Assessing the Benefits to Developing Countries of Liberalization of Services Trade[J].The World Economy,2004,27(8):1123-1153.
[3]盛斌.中国加入WTO服务贸易自由化的评估与分析[J].世界经济,2002,(8):10-18+80.
[4]黄建忠,袁珊.两岸服务贸易自由化评估及福建对台服务合作---基于两岸加入WTO与ECFA中服务贸易开放承诺的比较[J].亚太经济,2011,(4):130-136.
[5]刘庆林,白洁.中国服务贸易壁垒测度:基于频度分析的方法[J].财贸经济,2014,(1):75-83.
[6]白洁.中美服务贸易开放度的比较与启示---基于频度分析的方法[J].亚太经济,2015,(6):78-84.
[7]张皞.中国区域服务贸易协定开放度的特征事实---基于频度指数的方法[J].《国际经贸探索》,2017,33,(7):19-32+103.
[8]夏杰长,姚战琪.中国服务业开放40年---渐进历程、开放度评估和经验总结[J].财经问题研究,2018,(4):3-14.
[9]吴飞霞.基于频度与价格指标法比较的服务贸易壁垒研究[J].重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版),2015,32(6):10-18.
[10]孙蕊,齐俊妍.《中韩自贸协定》中方服务贸易减让表评估---基于五级分类频度法和STRI指数方法[J].中国经济问题,2017,(3):76-87.
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[12]Lanz R,Maurer A.Services and Global Value Chains-Some Evidence on Servicification of Manufacturing and Services Networks[J/OL].(2015-03-01)[2018-08-04].https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201503_e.pdf.
[13]陈贺菁.国际服务贸易自由化:理论、路径与收益分配[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2009:15-20.
[14]世界贸易组织信息系统局.WTO服务贸易理事会:《国际服务贸易分类表》[R/OL].(1995-07-11)[2018-08-04].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/c8d1e5355a8102d276a22fb8.html.
(1)根据《会计师事务所职业许可和监督管理办法》(2017年修订),如果境外人员取得了注册会计师证书,那么就享有担任境内会计师事务所股东的资格,同时对外资人员的居住时间提出了要求,对境外消费和商业存在两种方式作了相应限制程度适中的承诺:最终小类频度指数为:0.3×0.5+0.15+0.5×0.5=0.55。由于篇幅所限,小类频度指标具体计算过程仅以商业服务为例,其余小类指标的计算过程与此类似,如有需要可以向作者索要。
[2]Whalley J.Assessing the Benefits to Developing Countries of Liberalization of Services Trade[J].The World Economy,2004,27(8):1123-1153.
[3]盛斌.中国加入WTO服务贸易自由化的评估与分析[J].世界经济,2002,(8):10-18+80.
[4]黄建忠,袁珊.两岸服务贸易自由化评估及福建对台服务合作---基于两岸加入WTO与ECFA中服务贸易开放承诺的比较[J].亚太经济,2011,(4):130-136.
[5]刘庆林,白洁.中国服务贸易壁垒测度:基于频度分析的方法[J].财贸经济,2014,(1):75-83.
[6]白洁.中美服务贸易开放度的比较与启示---基于频度分析的方法[J].亚太经济,2015,(6):78-84.
[7]张皞.中国区域服务贸易协定开放度的特征事实---基于频度指数的方法[J].《国际经贸探索》,2017,33,(7):19-32+103.
[8]夏杰长,姚战琪.中国服务业开放40年---渐进历程、开放度评估和经验总结[J].财经问题研究,2018,(4):3-14.
[9]吴飞霞.基于频度与价格指标法比较的服务贸易壁垒研究[J].重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版),2015,32(6):10-18.
[10]孙蕊,齐俊妍.《中韩自贸协定》中方服务贸易减让表评估---基于五级分类频度法和STRI指数方法[J].中国经济问题,2017,(3):76-87.
[11]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院公报:《服务贸易具体承诺减让表》附件9[R/OL].(2002-01-16)[2018-08-04].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2017/content_5168131.htm.
[12]Lanz R,Maurer A.Services and Global Value Chains-Some Evidence on Servicification of Manufacturing and Services Networks[J/OL].(2015-03-01)[2018-08-04].https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201503_e.pdf.
[13]陈贺菁.国际服务贸易自由化:理论、路径与收益分配[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2009:15-20.
[14]世界贸易组织信息系统局.WTO服务贸易理事会:《国际服务贸易分类表》[R/OL].(1995-07-11)[2018-08-04].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/c8d1e5355a8102d276a22fb8.html.
(1)根据《会计师事务所职业许可和监督管理办法》(2017年修订),如果境外人员取得了注册会计师证书,那么就享有担任境内会计师事务所股东的资格,同时对外资人员的居住时间提出了要求,对境外消费和商业存在两种方式作了相应限制程度适中的承诺:最终小类频度指数为:0.3×0.5+0.15+0.5×0.5=0.55。由于篇幅所限,小类频度指标具体计算过程仅以商业服务为例,其余小类指标的计算过程与此类似,如有需要可以向作者索要。