山东乳山地震序列震源机制解一致性参数特征
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摘要
采用双差定位法对乳山台阵记录到的M_L≥1.0的1 418个地震事件(2014年5月7日—2016年12月31日)进行重新定位,利用P波初动和CAP方法对研究区内M_L≥1.5地震进行震源机制解反演,根据震源机制解资料进行应力张量反演,从而分析乳山地区应力状态以及震源机制一致性参数时空特征。结果显示:1)乳山地震序列沿NWW-SEE向展布,形成长约4km、宽约3km的矩形活动带;2)推测乳山地震序列发震断层走向为NWW-SEE、近直立、以走滑运动为主兼具一定逆倾滑分量;3)采用自助线性应力反演(LSIB)方法得到乳山地区主压应力轴方向为25°,倾角10°;中等应力方向为286°,倾角45°;主张应力方向为125°,倾角43°;4)乳山地震序列的震源机制一致性参数随时间变化整体呈现平稳状态,地震发生的空间位置与震源参数一致性空间分布关系较为吻合。
Many small earthquakes occurred intensively and continuously and formed an earthquake sequence after the M_L3. 8 earthquake happened at Rushan County,Shandong Province on October 1,2013. Up to March,2017,more than 13 000 events have been recorded,with 3 429 locatable shocks,of which 31 events with M_L≥3. 0. This sequence is rarely seen in East China for its extraordinary long duration and the extremely high frequency of aftershocks. To track the developing tendency of the earthquake sequence accurately,20 temporary seismometers were arranged to monitor the sequence activities around the epicenter of the sequence since May 6,2014.Firstly,this paper adopts double difference method to relocate the 1 418 earthquakes of M_L≥1. 0 recorded by temporary seismometers in the Rushan earthquake sequence( May 7,2014 to December31,2016),the result shows that the Rushan earthquake sequence mainly extends along NWW-SEE and forms a rectangular activity belt of about 4 km long and 3 km wide. In addition,the seismogenic fault of Rushan earthquake sequence stretches along NWW-SEE with nearly vertical strike-slip movement and a small amount of thrust component.Then we apply the P-wave initial motion and CAP to invert the focal mechanism of earthquakes with M_L≥1. 5 in the study area. The earthquakes can be divided into several categories,including 3 normal fault earthquakes( 0. 9%),3 normal-slip earthquakes( 0. 9%),229 strike-slip earthquakes( 65. 8%),18 thrust fault earthquakes( 5. 2%),37 thrust-slip earthquakes( 10. 6%) and 58 undefined( 16. 6%). Most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Rushan( 65. 8%),which is one of the intrinsic characteristics of the stress field.According to the focal mechanism solutions,we further utilized the LSIB method( Linear stress inversion bootstrap) to invert the stress tensor of Rushan area. The result shows that the azimuth and plunge of three principal stress( σ1,σ2,σ3) axes are 25°,10°; 286°,45°; 125°,43°,respectively. Based on the stress field inversion results,we calculated the focal mechanism solutions consistency parameter( θ) and the angle( θ_1) between σ1 and P axis. The trend lines of θ and θ_1 were relatively stable with small fluctuation near the average line over time. Furthermore,the earthquake sequence can be divided into three stages based on θ and θ_1 values. The first stage is before September 16,2014,and the variation of the θ and θ_1 values is relatively smooth with short period. All focal mechanism solutions of the three M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes exhibited consistence. The second stage started from September 16,2014 to July 1,2015,the fluctuation range of θ and θ_1 values is larger than that of the first stage with a relative longer period. The last stage is after July 1,2015,values ofθ and θ_1 gradually changed to a periodic change,three out of the four M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes( strikeslip type) displayed a good consistency.Spatially,earthquakes occurred mainly in green,yellow-red regions,and the focal mechanism parameters consistency θ was dominant near the green region( around the average value),which presents a steady state,and the spatial locations are concordant with the distribution of θ value.Moreover,all of M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes are located in the transitional region from the mean value to lower value area or region below the mean value area,which also indicates the centralized stress field of the region.
Many small earthquakes occurred intensively and continuously and formed an earthquake sequence after the M_L3. 8 earthquake happened at Rushan County,Shandong Province on October 1,2013. Up to March,2017,more than 13 000 events have been recorded,with 3 429 locatable shocks,of which 31 events with M_L≥3. 0. This sequence is rarely seen in East China for its extraordinary long duration and the extremely high frequency of aftershocks. To track the developing tendency of the earthquake sequence accurately,20 temporary seismometers were arranged to monitor the sequence activities around the epicenter of the sequence since May 6,2014.Firstly,this paper adopts double difference method to relocate the 1 418 earthquakes of M_L≥1. 0 recorded by temporary seismometers in the Rushan earthquake sequence( May 7,2014 to December31,2016),the result shows that the Rushan earthquake sequence mainly extends along NWW-SEE and forms a rectangular activity belt of about 4 km long and 3 km wide. In addition,the seismogenic fault of Rushan earthquake sequence stretches along NWW-SEE with nearly vertical strike-slip movement and a small amount of thrust component.Then we apply the P-wave initial motion and CAP to invert the focal mechanism of earthquakes with M_L≥1. 5 in the study area. The earthquakes can be divided into several categories,including 3 normal fault earthquakes( 0. 9%),3 normal-slip earthquakes( 0. 9%),229 strike-slip earthquakes( 65. 8%),18 thrust fault earthquakes( 5. 2%),37 thrust-slip earthquakes( 10. 6%) and 58 undefined( 16. 6%). Most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Rushan( 65. 8%),which is one of the intrinsic characteristics of the stress field.According to the focal mechanism solutions,we further utilized the LSIB method( Linear stress inversion bootstrap) to invert the stress tensor of Rushan area. The result shows that the azimuth and plunge of three principal stress( σ1,σ2,σ3) axes are 25°,10°; 286°,45°; 125°,43°,respectively. Based on the stress field inversion results,we calculated the focal mechanism solutions consistency parameter( θ) and the angle( θ_1) between σ1 and P axis. The trend lines of θ and θ_1 were relatively stable with small fluctuation near the average line over time. Furthermore,the earthquake sequence can be divided into three stages based on θ and θ_1 values. The first stage is before September 16,2014,and the variation of the θ and θ_1 values is relatively smooth with short period. All focal mechanism solutions of the three M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes exhibited consistence. The second stage started from September 16,2014 to July 1,2015,the fluctuation range of θ and θ_1 values is larger than that of the first stage with a relative longer period. The last stage is after July 1,2015,values ofθ and θ_1 gradually changed to a periodic change,three out of the four M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes( strikeslip type) displayed a good consistency.Spatially,earthquakes occurred mainly in green,yellow-red regions,and the focal mechanism parameters consistency θ was dominant near the green region( around the average value),which presents a steady state,and the spatial locations are concordant with the distribution of θ value.Moreover,all of M_L≥3. 0 earthquakes are located in the transitional region from the mean value to lower value area or region below the mean value area,which also indicates the centralized stress field of the region.
引文
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曲均浩,蒋海昆,李金,等.2015.2013-2014年山东乳山地震序列发震构造初探[J].地球物理学报,58(6):1954-1962.QU Jun-hao,JIANG Hai-kun,LI Jin,et al.2015.Preliminary study for seismogenic structure of the Rushan earthquake sequence in 2013-2014[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(6):1954-1962(in Chinese).
曲均浩,刘方斌,郑建常,等.2018.乳山地震序列区域台网及台阵定位结果对比[J].震灾防御技术,13(1):149-157.QU Jun-hao,LIU Fang-bin,ZHENG Jian-chang,et al.2018.Comparision of location of Rushan seismic sequence between region network and array network[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,13(1):149-157(in Chinese).
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(1)曲均浩,王长在,刘方斌,等,乳山序列地震分布与震源区速度结构的关系研究,地震地质,待刊。
程万正,阮祥,张永久.2006.川滇次级地块震源机制解类型与一致性参数[J].地震学报,28(6):561-573.CHENG Wan-zheng,RUAN Xiang,ZHANG Yong-jiu.2006.Types of focal mechanism solutions and parameter consistency of the sub blocks in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,28(6):561-573(in Chinese).
崔效锋,胡幸平,俞春泉,等.2011.汶川地震序列震源机制解研究[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,47(6):1063-1072.CUI Xiao-feng,HU Xing-ping,YU Chun-quan,et al.2011.Research on focal mechanism solutions of Wenchuan earthquake sequence[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,47(6):1063-1072(in Chinese).
刁桂苓,赵英萍,啜永清,等.2004.大同晚期强余震前震源机制解的一致性特征[J].内陆地震,18(3):202-206.DIAO Gui-ling,ZHAO Ying-ping,CHUAI Yong-qing,et al.2004.Coherence characteristics of focal mechanism solutions of later-period strong aftershocks[J].Inland Earthquake,18(3):202-206(in Chinese).
房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.2013.四川芦山MS7.0地震及其余震序列重定位[J].科学通报,58(20):1901-1909.FANG Li-hua,WU Jian-ping,WANG Wei-lai,et al.2013.Relocation of mainshock and aftershock sequences of MS7.0 Sichuan Lushan earthquake[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,58(20):1901-1909(in Chinese).
房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.2014.云南鲁甸MS6.5地震余震重定位及其发震构造[J].地震地质,36(4):1173-1185.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.019.FANG Li-hua,WU Jian-ping,WANG Wei-lai,et al.2014.Relocation of the aftershock sequence of the MS6.5 Ludian earthquake and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,36(4):1173-1185(in Chinese).
付虹,王绍晋,李丽,等.2011.滇中地区震源机制一致性参数时空分布与强震活动[J].地震研究,34(2):113-118.FU Hong,WANG Shao-jin,LI Li,et al.2011.Spatial-temporal distribution of the parameters of the focal mechanism and strong seismicity in Central Yunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,34(2):113-118(in Chinese).
胡幸平,俞春泉,陶开,等.2008.利用P波初动资料求解汶川地震及其强余震震源机制解[J].地球物理学报,51(6):1711-1718.HU Xing-ping,YU Chun-quan,TAO Kai,et al.2008.Focal mechanism solutions of Wenchuan earthquake and its strong aftershocks obtained from initial P wave polarity analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(6):1711-1718(in Chinese).
黄显良,刘泽民,郁建芳,等.2015.2014年安徽金寨ML3.9震群序列震源一致性研究[J].地震学报,37(6):916-924.HUANG Xian-liang,LIU Ze-min,YU Jian-fang,et al.2015.Consistency parameters of focal mechanism for the ML3.9 Jinzhai,Anhui,earthquake swarm in 2014[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,37(6):916-924(in Chinese).
李金,周龙泉,龙海英,等.2015.天山地震带(中国境内)震源机制一致性参数的时空特征[J].地震地质,37(3):792-803.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.03.010.LI Jin,ZHOU Long-quan,LONG Hai-ying,et al.2015.Spatial-temporal characteristics of the focal mechanism consistency parameter in Tianshan(within Chinese territory)seismic zone[J].Seismology and Geology,37(3):792-803(in Chinese).
李丽,宋美琴,刘素珍,等.2015.山西地区震源机制一致性参数时空特征分析[J].地震,35(2):43-50.LI Li,SONG Mei-qin,LIU Su-zhen,et al.2015.Spatial-temporal characteristics of the consistency parameter of focal mechanisms in Shanxi area[J].Earthquake,35(2):43-50(in Chinese).
李霞,刘希强,李亚军,等.2012.山东及邻区地震的重新定位及其与活动构造的关系[J].中国地震,28(4):381-392.LI Xia,LIU Xi-qiang,LI Ya-jun,et al.2012.Relocation of earthquakes in Shandong and its neighboring areas in China and relationship between their tectonics[J].Earthquake Research in China,28(4):381-392(in Chinese).
罗钧,赵翠萍,周连庆.2015.2013年8月香格里拉德钦-得荣MS5.9地震序列震源机制与应力场特征[J].地球物理学报,58(2):424-435.LUO Jun,ZHAO Cui-ping,ZHOU Lian-qing.2015.Focal mechanisms and stress field of the Shangri-La Deqen,Yunnan Province-Derong,Sichuan Province MS5.9 earthquake sequence in August,2013[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(2):424-435(in Chinese).
曲均浩,蒋海昆,李金,等.2015.2013-2014年山东乳山地震序列发震构造初探[J].地球物理学报,58(6):1954-1962.QU Jun-hao,JIANG Hai-kun,LI Jin,et al.2015.Preliminary study for seismogenic structure of the Rushan earthquake sequence in 2013-2014[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(6):1954-1962(in Chinese).
曲均浩,刘方斌,郑建常,等.2018.乳山地震序列区域台网及台阵定位结果对比[J].震灾防御技术,13(1):149-157.QU Jun-hao,LIU Fang-bin,ZHENG Jian-chang,et al.2018.Comparision of location of Rushan seismic sequence between region network and array network[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,13(1):149-157(in Chinese).
许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.1983.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,5(3):268-279.XU Zhong-huai,YAN Ming,ZHAO Zhong-he.1983.Evaluation of the direction of tectonic stress in North China from recorded data of a large number of small earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(3):268-279(in Chinese).
俞红玉,陶开,蔡晨,等.2013.东日本大地震地震序列的震源机制解特征及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,56(8):2655-2669.YU Hong-yu,TAO Kai,CAI Chen,et al.2013.Focal mechanism solutions of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake sequence and their geodynamical implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(8):2655-2669(in Chinese).
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(1)曲均浩,王长在,刘方斌,等,乳山序列地震分布与震源区速度结构的关系研究,地震地质,待刊。
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