烤烟-油菜轮作田昆虫群落结构及时间动态
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摘要
明确玉溪市烤烟-油菜轮作田昆虫群落结构及时间动态,为烤烟有害生物综合管理提供参考。2016年用马来氏网在玉溪市烤烟-油菜轮作田对昆虫种类及数量进行调查。结果表明,烤烟-油菜轮作田共采集昆虫5089头,隶属9目26个类群。植食性优势类群为叶蝉类、蛾类,寄生性优势类群为姬蜂和茧蜂,捕食性优势类群为捕食性食蚜蝇。烤烟-油菜轮作田主要害虫蛾类发生高峰期6—7月、叶蝉发生高峰期在9月,主要天敌姬蜂类发生高峰期在9月、茧蜂发生高峰期在6月、捕食性食蚜蝇发生高峰期在4—5月。烤烟-油菜轮作田昆虫群落多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀性指数6月最高,分别为1.9850、2.7620、1.0000;优势度指数3月最高为0.8840;S_s/S_i稳定性指数在0.0088～0.1385,S_n/S_p稳定性指数在0.7142～2.000,S_s/S_i和S_n/S_p稳定性指数8月最高。6—8月烤烟旺长期至采收期昆虫群落结构最稳定。
The paper aims to clarify the temporal dynamics and structure of insect community in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape, and provide a reference for pest integrated management of fluecured tobacco. In 2016, the insect species and numbers were investigated by Malaise trap in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape in Yuxi City. The results showed that a total of 5089 insect samples were collected and the insects belonged to 9 orders, 26 taxa. Leafhopper and phalaenae were the dominant species of phytophagous insects. Ichneumon and braconidae were the dominant species of parasitic insects.Predaceous syrphidae was the dominant species of predacious insects. Population peak of phalaenae was from June to July, population peak of leafhopper was September. Population peak of ichneumon was September.Population peak of braconidae was June. Population peak of predaceous syrphidae was from April to May. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index reached peak in June in the rotation field, the maximum was 1.9850, 2.7620 and 1.0000, respectively. The dominance index reached peak in March, the maximum was0.8840. Ss/Si(the number of species divided by the number of individuals) was between 0.0088 and 0.1385, Sn/Sp(the number of natural enemy species divided by the number of phytophagous species) was between 0.7142 and0.2000. Ss/Siindex and Sn/Spindex reached peak in August. The structure of insect community was the most stable from June to August.
The paper aims to clarify the temporal dynamics and structure of insect community in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape, and provide a reference for pest integrated management of fluecured tobacco. In 2016, the insect species and numbers were investigated by Malaise trap in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape in Yuxi City. The results showed that a total of 5089 insect samples were collected and the insects belonged to 9 orders, 26 taxa. Leafhopper and phalaenae were the dominant species of phytophagous insects. Ichneumon and braconidae were the dominant species of parasitic insects.Predaceous syrphidae was the dominant species of predacious insects. Population peak of phalaenae was from June to July, population peak of leafhopper was September. Population peak of ichneumon was September.Population peak of braconidae was June. Population peak of predaceous syrphidae was from April to May. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index reached peak in June in the rotation field, the maximum was 1.9850, 2.7620 and 1.0000, respectively. The dominance index reached peak in March, the maximum was0.8840. Ss/Si(the number of species divided by the number of individuals) was between 0.0088 and 0.1385, Sn/Sp(the number of natural enemy species divided by the number of phytophagous species) was between 0.7142 and0.2000. Ss/Siindex and Sn/Spindex reached peak in August. The structure of insect community was the most stable from June to August.
引文
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[22]丁可,叶丽华,刘月华,等.湖北宣恩县烟田节肢动物种类调查分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(23):9592-9598.
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[25]张京理,许玲,李鑫,等.陇县不同海拔烟田昆虫群落的多样性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(11):173-180.
[2]师光禄,张铁强,刘素琪,等.间种牧草枣林刈草对树上昆虫群落结构及动态的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):97-102.
[3]崔金杰,夏敬源.转Bt基因棉田昆虫群落多样性及其影响因素研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):824-829.
[4]徐洪富,牟少敏,许永玉,等.棉区夏玉米田害虫及天敌群落结构[J].植物保护学报,2000,27(3):199-204.
[5]雒珺瑜,张帅,吕丽敏,等.2009-2013年Bt棉田节肢动物群落多样性动态变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(13):4195-4203.
[6]杜开书,柴立英,赵青席.玉米田昆虫群落的结构及时序动态研究[J].玉米科学,2010,18(3):150-154.
[7]蔚立强,陈国华,卢文琴,等.玉米与杂草互作田昆虫群落结构及稳定性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1057-1062.
[8]柯汉云,赵帅锋,邵美红,等.浙西北稻田灯下昆虫群落结构分析初报[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(7):280-285.
[9]费晓东,李川,张青文,等.油菜-小麦邻作与小麦单作对小麦田节肢动物功能团的影响[J].植物保护,2012,38(1):44-49.
[10]Cai H J,Li Z S.You M S.Impact of habitat diversification on arthropod communities:a study in the fields of Chinese cabbage,Brassica chinensis[J].Insect Science,2007,14(3):241-249.
[11]Pielou E C.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1966(13):131-144.
[12]尤民生,徐清元.福州市郊区十字花科蔬菜田昆虫群落的物种组成、丰富度及多样性[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2000,29(4):444-452.
[13]侯有明,尤民生,庞雄飞,等.菜田节肢动物的类群结构与数量动态[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2000,29(3):323-328.
[14]夏咛,杨广,尤民生.间作番茄对花椰菜田主要害虫和天敌的调控作用[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(4):391-399.
[15]张红梅,陈福寿,王燕,等.昆明晋宁蔬菜园昆虫群落结构及时间动态[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(1):56-62.
[16]王金福,李真峰.杭州市郊区主要蔬菜害虫群落结构的研究[J].生态学报,1988,8(1):78-85.
[17]孟庆雷,李甲林,夏祖和,等.烟田益、害生物种群动态及其群落结构的研究[J].中国烟草学报,1996,3(2):1-7.
[18]曾维爱,李密,谭琳,等.长沙烟区天敌昆虫物种多样性及其与主要害虫的消长动态[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(5):63-67.
[19]巫厚长,邹运鼎,程遐年.不同烟草品种烟田捕食性节肢动物群落的结构和动态研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):637-640.
[20]巫厚长,程遐年,邹运鼎.不同烟草品种上节肢动物种群数量动态的研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(4):452-456.
[21]胡坚,李天飞,邓建华,等.云南烟草害虫天敌种类[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(3):232-238.
[22]丁可,叶丽华,刘月华,等.湖北宣恩县烟田节肢动物种类调查分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(23):9592-9598.
[23]赵志模,郭依泉.群落生态学原理与方法[M].重庆:科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1990:134-160.
[24]高宝嘉,张执中,李镇宇.封山育林对昆虫群落结构及多样性稳定性影响的研究[J].生态学报,1992,12(1):1-7.
[25]张京理,许玲,李鑫,等.陇县不同海拔烟田昆虫群落的多样性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(11):173-180.