西部绿洲城市土地利用转型的生态环境效应——以乌鲁木齐市为例
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摘要
为探讨土地利用转型对生态环境变化的影响,基于乌鲁木齐市2005年和2012年TM影像数据、土地利用现状矢量数据、中国高空间分辨率网格数据(CHRED),运用土地利用转型、生态系统单位面积生态服务价值评估和碳排放核算等方法,分析城市化过程中乌鲁木齐市土地利用转型前后生态环境变化效应。结果表明,研究区土地利用转型幅度较大,其中园林地、草地、城镇村及工矿用地和未利用地之间的转换较明显,未利用地转出面积最大(10.33万hm-~2),说明研究区土地开发程度较高。研究区生态服务价值均呈增加趋势,研究期间生态服务价值增加了89 227.32万元,其中,园林地、草地和水域土地利用转型对生态系统服务价值增加的贡献高。研究区土地利用碳排放量呈上升趋势,碳排放量较高的是城镇村及工矿用地。研究区内土地利用转型后净生态系统服务价值呈现增加趋势,但土地碳排放量变化速度远超生态系统服务价值增加速度,因此在乌鲁木齐市低碳城市建设中,要充分考虑土地利用结构调整与生态环境保护的平衡关系。
The paper used TM image data, land use vector data, and China's high spatial resolution grid data(CHRED)of Urumqi's cen?ter area in 2005 and 2012, and studied the change of Urumqi's ecosystem and environment with the conversion of land use. The method of land use conversion, ecosystem service value assessment and carbon emission accounting were employed in this study. Results showed that land use conversion was significant, among which the land conversions of garden land, grassland, urban village, industrial and mining land and unused land were more obvious. The unused land showed the greatest change(1.033×10~5 hm~2)which indicated that the degree of land development in the study area was higher. With the conversion of land use, the value of ecosystem services showed an increasing trend. The net EVS value rose by 892.273 2 million yuan. The land conversion of garden land, grassland and water area contributed most to the increase of ecosystem service value. There was an uptrend in the carbon emission intensity of land use. The highest carbon emissions were induced by urban villages and industrial and mining land. Although the net ecosystem service value of the land use conversion was increasing, the change of land carbon emission intensity was more quickly than the change of the ecosystem service value. Therefore, the balance between the adjustment of land use structure and the protection of the ecological environment should be considered by the government in the low-carbon construction of Urumqi.
The paper used TM image data, land use vector data, and China's high spatial resolution grid data(CHRED)of Urumqi's cen?ter area in 2005 and 2012, and studied the change of Urumqi's ecosystem and environment with the conversion of land use. The method of land use conversion, ecosystem service value assessment and carbon emission accounting were employed in this study. Results showed that land use conversion was significant, among which the land conversions of garden land, grassland, urban village, industrial and mining land and unused land were more obvious. The unused land showed the greatest change(1.033×10~5 hm~2)which indicated that the degree of land development in the study area was higher. With the conversion of land use, the value of ecosystem services showed an increasing trend. The net EVS value rose by 892.273 2 million yuan. The land conversion of garden land, grassland and water area contributed most to the increase of ecosystem service value. There was an uptrend in the carbon emission intensity of land use. The highest carbon emissions were induced by urban villages and industrial and mining land. Although the net ecosystem service value of the land use conversion was increasing, the change of land carbon emission intensity was more quickly than the change of the ecosystem service value. Therefore, the balance between the adjustment of land use structure and the protection of the ecological environment should be considered by the government in the low-carbon construction of Urumqi.
引文
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[20]Du X J,Huang Z H.Ecological and environmental effects of land use change in rapid urbanization:The case of Hangzhou,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,81:243-251.
[21]Wang X C,Dong X,Liu H M,et al.Linking land use change,ecosystem services and human well-being:A case study of the Manas River basin of Xinjiang,China[J].Ecosystem Services,2017,27:113-123.
[22]谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.XIE Gao-di,ZHANG Yi-li,LU Chun-xia,et al.Study on valuation of rangeland ecosystem services of China[J].Journal of Narural Resources,2001,16(1):47-53.
[23]蔡博峰,王金南,杨姝影,等.中国城市CO2排放数据集研究--基于中国高空间分辨率网格数据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):1-4.CAI Bo-feng,WANG Jin-nan,YANG Shu-ying,at al.China city CO2emission dataset:Based on the China high resolution emission gridded data[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(2):1-4.
[24]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应--以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):98-106.YANG Qing-ke,DUAN Xue-jun,WANG Lei,et al.Land use transformation based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated eco-environment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):98-106.
[25]Costanza R,D'Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[26]Costanza R,De Groot R,Sutton P,et al.Changes in the global value of ecosystem services[J].Global Environmental Change,2014,26:152-158.
[27]祖皮艳木·买买提,赛迪古丽·哈西木,玉米提·哈力克,等.1976-2011年间博斯腾湖小湖区湿地生态系统服务价值变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):328-337.ZULPIYA Mamat,SAIDIGU Haximu,UMUT Halik,et al.Changes of the ecosystem service values of the wetlands of small lake in Bosten Lake basin during the period from 1997 to 2011[J].Research of Soil and Water Consevation,2016,23(3):328-337.
[28]蔡博峰,王金南.长江三角洲地区城市二氧化碳排放特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(10):45-52.CAI Bo-feng,WANG Jin-nan.Analysis of the CO2 emission performance of urban areas in Yangtze River Delta region[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(10):45-52.
[29]陈前利,蔡博峰,胡方芳,等.新疆地级市CO2排放空间特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):15-21.CHEN Qian-li,CAI Bo-feng,HU Fang-fang,et al.Spatial characteristics of CO2 emissions of prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(2):15-21.
[2]Grainger A.The forest transition:An alternative approach[J].Area,1995,27(3):242-251.
[3]Rindfuss R R,Walsh S J,Turner B L,et al.Developing a science of land change:Challenges and methodological issues[J].PNAS,2004,101(39):13976-13981.
[4]López S,Wright C,Costanza P.Environmental change in the equatorial Andes:Linking climate,land use and land cover transformations[J].Remote Sensing Applications:Society and Environment,2017,8:291-303.
[5]Bayramin I,Basaran M,Erpul G,et al.Assessing the effects of land use changes on soil sensitivity to erosion in a highland ecosystem of semiarid Turkey[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2008,140(1/2/3):249-265.
[6]Carmona A,Nahuelhual L.Combining land transitions and trajectories in assessing forest cover change[J].Applied Geography,2012,32(2):904-915.
[7]龙花楼.论土地利用转型与乡村转型发展[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(2):131-138.LONG Hua-lou.Land use transition and rural transformation development[J].Progress in Geograghy,2012,31(2):131-138.
[8]吕立刚,周生路,周兵兵,等.区域发展过程中土地利用转型及其生态环境响应研究--以江苏省为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1442-1449.LüLi-gang,ZHOU Sheng-lu,ZHOU Bing-bing,et al.Land use transformation and its eco-environmental response in process of the region development:A case study of Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(12):1442-1449.
[9]刘永强,龙花楼,李加林.长江中游经济带土地利用转型及其生态服务功能交叉敏感性研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(5):1009-1022.LIU Yong-qiang,LONG Hua-lou,LI Jia-lin.Study on the land use transition and its cross-sensitivity of ecological service function in the middle of Yangtze River economic belt[J].Geograghical Research,2018,37(5):1009-1022.
[10]戈大专,龙花楼,屠爽爽,等.黄准海地区土地利用转型与粮食产量耦合关系研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(4):319-327.GE Da-zhuan,LONG Hua-lou,TU Shuang-shuang,et al.Coupling relationship between land use transitions and grain yield in HuangHuai-Hai Plain,China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2017,34(4):319-327.
[11]郭椿阳,高建华,樊鹏飞.基于格网尺度的永城市土地利用转型研究与热点探测[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(4):44-51.GUO Chun-yang,GAO Jian-hua,FAN Peng-fei,et al.Land use transition and hotspots detection in Yongcheng City based on the grid scale[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(4):44-51.
[12]魏慧,赵文武,张骁,等.基于土地利用变化的区域生态服务价值评价--以山东省德州市为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3831-3839.WEI Hui,ZHAO Wen-wu,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Regional ecosystem service value evaluation based on land use changes:A case study in Dezhou,Shandong Province,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(11):3831-3839.
[13]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.FU Bo-jie,ZHANG Li-wei.Land-use change and ecosystem services:Concepts,methods and progress[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(4):441-446.
[14]高亚鸣,孙慧兰.基于土地分类利用下伊犁河谷地区的生态服务价值研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(1):193-200.GAO Ya-ming,SUN Hui-lan.Ecological service value of the Ili River Valley based on land use cover classification[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(1):193-200.
[15]杨皓然,吴群.碳排放视角下的江苏省土地利用转型生态效率研究--基于混合方向性距离函数[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1718-1730.YANG Hao-ran,WU Qun.Study on the eco-efficiency of land use transformation in Jiangsu Province from the perspective of carbon emission:Based on the Mixed Directional Distance Function[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(10):1718-1730.
[16]宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架[J].地理学报,2017,72(3):471-487.SONG Xiao-qing.Discussion on land use transition research framework[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):471-487.
[17]陈龙,周生路,周兵兵,等.基于主导功能的江苏省土地利用转型特征与驱动力[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):155-162.CHEN Long,ZHOU Sheng-lu,ZHOU Bing-bing,et al.Characteristics and driving forces of regional land use transition based on the leading function classification:A case study of Jiangsu Province[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(2):155-162.
[18]刘永强,廖柳文,龙花楼,等.土地利用转型的生态系统服务价值效应分析--以湖南省为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(4):691-700.LIU Yong-qiang,LIAO Liu-wen,LONG Hua-lou,et al.Effects of land use transitions on ecosystem services value:A case study of Hunan Province[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(4):691-700.
[19]刘秀慧,卓成刚.土地利用转型风险与管控研究[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(14):2778-2781.LIU Xiu-hui,ZHUO Cheng-gang.A summary on the risks and risk control in land use transformation[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(14):2778-2781.
[20]Du X J,Huang Z H.Ecological and environmental effects of land use change in rapid urbanization:The case of Hangzhou,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,81:243-251.
[21]Wang X C,Dong X,Liu H M,et al.Linking land use change,ecosystem services and human well-being:A case study of the Manas River basin of Xinjiang,China[J].Ecosystem Services,2017,27:113-123.
[22]谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.XIE Gao-di,ZHANG Yi-li,LU Chun-xia,et al.Study on valuation of rangeland ecosystem services of China[J].Journal of Narural Resources,2001,16(1):47-53.
[23]蔡博峰,王金南,杨姝影,等.中国城市CO2排放数据集研究--基于中国高空间分辨率网格数据[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):1-4.CAI Bo-feng,WANG Jin-nan,YANG Shu-ying,at al.China city CO2emission dataset:Based on the China high resolution emission gridded data[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(2):1-4.
[24]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应--以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):98-106.YANG Qing-ke,DUAN Xue-jun,WANG Lei,et al.Land use transformation based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated eco-environment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):98-106.
[25]Costanza R,D'Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[26]Costanza R,De Groot R,Sutton P,et al.Changes in the global value of ecosystem services[J].Global Environmental Change,2014,26:152-158.
[27]祖皮艳木·买买提,赛迪古丽·哈西木,玉米提·哈力克,等.1976-2011年间博斯腾湖小湖区湿地生态系统服务价值变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):328-337.ZULPIYA Mamat,SAIDIGU Haximu,UMUT Halik,et al.Changes of the ecosystem service values of the wetlands of small lake in Bosten Lake basin during the period from 1997 to 2011[J].Research of Soil and Water Consevation,2016,23(3):328-337.
[28]蔡博峰,王金南.长江三角洲地区城市二氧化碳排放特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(10):45-52.CAI Bo-feng,WANG Jin-nan.Analysis of the CO2 emission performance of urban areas in Yangtze River Delta region[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(10):45-52.
[29]陈前利,蔡博峰,胡方芳,等.新疆地级市CO2排放空间特征研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):15-21.CHEN Qian-li,CAI Bo-feng,HU Fang-fang,et al.Spatial characteristics of CO2 emissions of prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(2):15-21.