喀斯特石漠化治理区土壤CH_4和CO_2排放研究
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摘要
本研究采用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法,于2016年12月到2017年11月对重庆市南川石漠化治理示范区4个岩溶碳汇试验区(金银花地JYH、人工造林地杨树林YSL、坡改梯PGT、经济作物花椒林地HJ)及3个对照区(荒地HD、非坡改梯FPGT、弃耕地QGD)的土壤甲烷、二氧化碳的浓度及排放通量进行原位观测,探讨我国南方喀斯特石漠化地区甲烷和二氧化碳浓度分布和时空排放规律,及岩溶区土壤温度、土壤含水率等环境因子对甲烷、二氧化碳排放的影响。结果表明:不同植被类型下土壤CO_2的浓度范围为5 003. 64～19 163. 23 mg/m~3,土壤CH_4的浓度范围为5. 35～7. 46 mg/m~3。土壤CO_2的排放通量具有随季节变化土壤CO_2排放通量随季节明显变化,在一定范围内土壤温度及土壤含水率都与CO_2排放通量呈显著正相关关系。土壤CH_4释放速率没有明显的季节变化规律,在个别月份出现显著变化表现为巨大的源与汇,主要是受到土壤温度、土壤含水率及土壤微生物的共同影响。
In this study,the soil methane and carbon dioxide concentration and release flux in 4 karst carbon sink test areas( YH,YSL,PGT,HJ) and 3 controlled areas( HD,FPGT,QGD) were observed from December 2016 to November 2017 in the demonstration area of Chongqing Nanchuan desertification control. The distribution of methane and carbon dioxide in the rocky desertification area of Karst in southern China and its temporal and spatial emission rules,and the effects of environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil water content on methane and carbon dioxide emissions in karst areas are discussed. The results showed that under different vegetation types the soil CO_2 concentration range was 5 003. 64 ～ 19 163. 23 mg/m~3,and the soil CH_4 concentration range was 5. 35 ～7. 46 mg/m~3. Soil CO_2 emission fluxes changed significantly with seasons. In a certain range,soil temperature and soil moisture content were positively correlated with CO_2 emission fluxes. There was no obvious seasonal variation in soil CH_4 release rate,and significant changes in individual months showed a huge source and sink,mainly affected by soil temperature,moisture content and soil microorganisms.
In this study,the soil methane and carbon dioxide concentration and release flux in 4 karst carbon sink test areas( YH,YSL,PGT,HJ) and 3 controlled areas( HD,FPGT,QGD) were observed from December 2016 to November 2017 in the demonstration area of Chongqing Nanchuan desertification control. The distribution of methane and carbon dioxide in the rocky desertification area of Karst in southern China and its temporal and spatial emission rules,and the effects of environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil water content on methane and carbon dioxide emissions in karst areas are discussed. The results showed that under different vegetation types the soil CO_2 concentration range was 5 003. 64 ～ 19 163. 23 mg/m~3,and the soil CH_4 concentration range was 5. 35 ～7. 46 mg/m~3. Soil CO_2 emission fluxes changed significantly with seasons. In a certain range,soil temperature and soil moisture content were positively correlated with CO_2 emission fluxes. There was no obvious seasonal variation in soil CH_4 release rate,and significant changes in individual months showed a huge source and sink,mainly affected by soil temperature,moisture content and soil microorganisms.
引文
[1]史常青.人工草地与林地土壤CO2和CH4通量研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2016.
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[6]谢芳.岩溶区成土速率的影响因素研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[7]周晨霓.重庆南川石漠化区不同生态恢复治理模式的效益研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[8]房彬,李心清,张立科,等.西南喀斯特地区灌丛林土壤CO2、CH4通量研究[J].地球化学,2013,42(3):221-228.
[9]闫美杰,时伟宇,杜盛.土壤呼吸测定方法述评与展望[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):148-152.
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[13]沙晨燕,谭娟,王卿,等.不同类型河滨湿地甲烷和二氧化碳排放初步研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(7):1182-1190.
[14]刘实,王传宽,许飞.4种温带森林非生长季土壤二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮通量[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4075-4084.
[15]易志刚,蚁伟民,丁明懋,等.鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤CO2浓度垂直分布[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):611-615.
[16]李涛,曹建华,张美良,等.桂林盘龙洞岩溶表层带土壤CO2浓度的季节变化研究[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):348-353.
[17]刘芳,刘丛强,王仕禄,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤温室气体的地气交换特征[J].生态科学,2009,28(4):289-292.
[18]魏书精,罗碧珍,魏书威,等.森林生态系统土壤呼吸测定方法研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014(3):504-514.
[19]蓝家程,肖时珍,杨龙,等.石漠化治理对岩溶作用强度的影响及其碳汇效应[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):244-249.
[20]刘慧峰,伍星,李雅,等.土地利用变化对土壤温室气体排放通量影响研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1960-1968.
[21]蓝芙宁,王文娟,覃小群,等.土地利用和覆被变化对岩溶区土壤CO2浓度的影响[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(4):449-455.
[22]孙树臣,翟胜,王巨媛,等.土壤CH4产生机理及其排放的影响因素[J].贵州农业科学,2011,139(1):000135-138.
[23]郎红东,杨剑虹.土壤CO2浓度变化及其影响因素的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(6):731-734.
[24]盛浩,罗莎,周萍,等.土壤CO2浓度的动态观测、模拟和应用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2916-2922.
[25]程建中,李心清,周志红,等.土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):196-202.
[26]梁福源,宋林华,王静.土壤CO2浓度昼夜变化及其对土壤CO2排放量的影响[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(2):170-176.
[27]常宗强,冯起,司建华,等.土壤水热条件对祁连山荒漠草原土壤CO2通量的影响[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):812-819.
[28]徐星凯,周礼恺.土壤源CH4氧化的主要影响因子与减排措施[J].中国生态农业学报,1999,7(2):18-22.
[29]牛莉平,许嘉巍,靳英华,等.温带森林不同演替阶段下的土壤CO2排放通量昼间变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2673-2683.
[30]胡婵娟,刘国华,傅伯杰,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型人工林土壤CO2释放规律及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4700-4709.
[31]赵景波,袁道先,杜娟,等.西安东南部7月份土壤CO2释放量和释放规律研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自科版),2001,29(2):81-86.
[32]吴威,况明生,魏秉铎,等.亚热带灌丛岩溶区夏季土壤CO2浓度动态初探[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,21(2):70-74.
[33]王超,黄群斌,杨智杰,等.杉木人工林不同深度土壤CO2通量[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5711-5719.
[2]Shrestha B M,Sitaula B K,Singh B R,et al.Fluxes of CO2and CH4 in soil profiles of a mountainous watershed of Nepal as influenced by land use,temperature,moisture and substrate addition[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2004,68(2):155-164.
[3]张剑锋.不同经营类型杉木人工林土壤呼吸率及影响因素研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2007.
[4]Xu M,Qi Y.Soil-surface CO2efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California[J].Global Change Biology,2010,7(6):667-677.
[5]陈庆强,沈承德,易惟熙,等.土壤碳循环研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):555-563.
[6]谢芳.岩溶区成土速率的影响因素研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[7]周晨霓.重庆南川石漠化区不同生态恢复治理模式的效益研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.
[8]房彬,李心清,张立科,等.西南喀斯特地区灌丛林土壤CO2、CH4通量研究[J].地球化学,2013,42(3):221-228.
[9]闫美杰,时伟宇,杜盛.土壤呼吸测定方法述评与展望[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):148-152.
[10]杜睿,吕达仁,王庚辰.天然温带草地CO2通量排放规律研究[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(10):1223-1229.
[11]韩营营,黄唯,孙涛,等.通量和有机碳密度之间的关系[J].生态学报,2014.
[12]Morin T H,Bohrer G,Naor-Azrieli L,et al.The seasonal and diurnal dynamics of methane flux at a created urban wetland[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,72:74-83.
[13]沙晨燕,谭娟,王卿,等.不同类型河滨湿地甲烷和二氧化碳排放初步研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(7):1182-1190.
[14]刘实,王传宽,许飞.4种温带森林非生长季土壤二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮通量[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4075-4084.
[15]易志刚,蚁伟民,丁明懋,等.鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳和土壤CO2浓度垂直分布[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(3):611-615.
[16]李涛,曹建华,张美良,等.桂林盘龙洞岩溶表层带土壤CO2浓度的季节变化研究[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):348-353.
[17]刘芳,刘丛强,王仕禄,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤温室气体的地气交换特征[J].生态科学,2009,28(4):289-292.
[18]魏书精,罗碧珍,魏书威,等.森林生态系统土壤呼吸测定方法研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014(3):504-514.
[19]蓝家程,肖时珍,杨龙,等.石漠化治理对岩溶作用强度的影响及其碳汇效应[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):244-249.
[20]刘慧峰,伍星,李雅,等.土地利用变化对土壤温室气体排放通量影响研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1960-1968.
[21]蓝芙宁,王文娟,覃小群,等.土地利用和覆被变化对岩溶区土壤CO2浓度的影响[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(4):449-455.
[22]孙树臣,翟胜,王巨媛,等.土壤CH4产生机理及其排放的影响因素[J].贵州农业科学,2011,139(1):000135-138.
[23]郎红东,杨剑虹.土壤CO2浓度变化及其影响因素的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(6):731-734.
[24]盛浩,罗莎,周萍,等.土壤CO2浓度的动态观测、模拟和应用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2916-2922.
[25]程建中,李心清,周志红,等.土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系[J].地球与环境,2011,39(2):196-202.
[26]梁福源,宋林华,王静.土壤CO2浓度昼夜变化及其对土壤CO2排放量的影响[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(2):170-176.
[27]常宗强,冯起,司建华,等.土壤水热条件对祁连山荒漠草原土壤CO2通量的影响[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):812-819.
[28]徐星凯,周礼恺.土壤源CH4氧化的主要影响因子与减排措施[J].中国生态农业学报,1999,7(2):18-22.
[29]牛莉平,许嘉巍,靳英华,等.温带森林不同演替阶段下的土壤CO2排放通量昼间变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2673-2683.
[30]胡婵娟,刘国华,傅伯杰,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型人工林土壤CO2释放规律及其影响因子[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4700-4709.
[31]赵景波,袁道先,杜娟,等.西安东南部7月份土壤CO2释放量和释放规律研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自科版),2001,29(2):81-86.
[32]吴威,况明生,魏秉铎,等.亚热带灌丛岩溶区夏季土壤CO2浓度动态初探[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,21(2):70-74.
[33]王超,黄群斌,杨智杰,等.杉木人工林不同深度土壤CO2通量[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5711-5719.