浮球局部覆盖法对干旱区平原水库防蒸发效果的影响
|
摘要
新疆地处干旱半干旱地区,降雨稀少且分布不均,以平原水库为例,淡水资源蒸发损失严重,水资源利用率低。为减少水资源蒸发损失,试验采用浮球覆盖水库局部水面,探究其抑制水面蒸发的可行性。试验选用4种不同密度的浮球,按紧密排列和自由漂浮两种方式布置,观察并记录试验期内的风速情况和湿润面积,计算不同密度和排列方式下浮球的抑制水面蒸发率。试验结果表明,浮球的防蒸发效果与浮球密度和浮球的布置形式有关,当浮球密度为0.111g/cm~3且浮球之间存在挤压接触时,防蒸发效果最好,蒸发抑制率为73%。研究成果对减少干旱平原水库的淡水资源蒸发损失及提高水资源利用率有积极意义。
Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid regions,and the rainfall amount is low and the distribution is uneven.Taking plain reservoir as an example,the evaporation loss is serious,and the utilization rate of water resources is low.The test used floating ball to cover partial water surface of reservoir was applied to explore its feasibility of inhibition of evaporation from water surface so as to reduce the evaporation loss of water resources.The test selected four kinds of different density floating balls,observed and recorded the wind speed and humidity area during the test period,and calculated the inhibition rate of evaporation from water surface of different density floating ball.The results of test show that the anti-evaporation effect of the floating ball is related to the density and layout form of the floating ball.When the density of the floating ball is 0.111 g/cm~3 and the extrusion contact exists between them,the prevent evaporation effect is best and the evaporation inhibition rate is 73% .The research plays positive role in reducing evaporation loss and improving utilization ratio of water resources in arid plain reservoir.
Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid regions,and the rainfall amount is low and the distribution is uneven.Taking plain reservoir as an example,the evaporation loss is serious,and the utilization rate of water resources is low.The test used floating ball to cover partial water surface of reservoir was applied to explore its feasibility of inhibition of evaporation from water surface so as to reduce the evaporation loss of water resources.The test selected four kinds of different density floating balls,observed and recorded the wind speed and humidity area during the test period,and calculated the inhibition rate of evaporation from water surface of different density floating ball.The results of test show that the anti-evaporation effect of the floating ball is related to the density and layout form of the floating ball.When the density of the floating ball is 0.111 g/cm~3 and the extrusion contact exists between them,the prevent evaporation effect is best and the evaporation inhibition rate is 73% .The research plays positive role in reducing evaporation loss and improving utilization ratio of water resources in arid plain reservoir.
引文
[1]王积强,王步天,蒋葆明.十六和十八醇抑制水面蒸发有效期的确定[J].干旱区地理,1983,6(3):20-30.
[2]王积强.水生植物对水面温度和蒸发量的影响[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(2):67-69.
[3]王积强,陆旭,刘巽民.中国水面蒸发器的发展简史与相关技术问题探讨[J].水利技术监督,2011,19(3):9-11,39.
[4]杨方清,杨廷友.雨水集蓄利用工程中预制板衬砌材料及植物防蒸发技术[J].中国农村水利水电,2005(5):79-80.
[5]侍克斌,马英杰,李玉建,等.塔里木盆地水资源合理利用与高效节水措施[J].海河水利,2001(5):9-10.
[6]严新军,侍克斌,诸葛伍荪.干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验初探[J].新疆农业科学,2004,41(4):228-232.
[7]ALVAREZ V M,BAILLE A,MARTINEZ J M,et al.Efficiency of Shading Materials in Reducing Evaporation from Free Water Surfaces[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,84(3):229-239.
[8]SEGAL L,BURSTEIN L.Retardation of Water Evaporation by a Protective Float[J].Water Resource Management,2010,24(1):129-137.
[9]卢健.给水库“遮阳球”防蒸发[N].中国气象报,2015-8-26(4).
[10]李存立,严新军,侍克斌.不同厚度的浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水效率分析[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(1):32-34.
[11]李存立,严新军,侍克斌,等.不同面积浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水效率分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(3):73-76,81.
[12]Assouline S,Narkis K,Or D.Evaporation from Partially Covered Water Surfaces[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(10):2 290-2 296.
[2]王积强.水生植物对水面温度和蒸发量的影响[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(2):67-69.
[3]王积强,陆旭,刘巽民.中国水面蒸发器的发展简史与相关技术问题探讨[J].水利技术监督,2011,19(3):9-11,39.
[4]杨方清,杨廷友.雨水集蓄利用工程中预制板衬砌材料及植物防蒸发技术[J].中国农村水利水电,2005(5):79-80.
[5]侍克斌,马英杰,李玉建,等.塔里木盆地水资源合理利用与高效节水措施[J].海河水利,2001(5):9-10.
[6]严新军,侍克斌,诸葛伍荪.干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验初探[J].新疆农业科学,2004,41(4):228-232.
[7]ALVAREZ V M,BAILLE A,MARTINEZ J M,et al.Efficiency of Shading Materials in Reducing Evaporation from Free Water Surfaces[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,84(3):229-239.
[8]SEGAL L,BURSTEIN L.Retardation of Water Evaporation by a Protective Float[J].Water Resource Management,2010,24(1):129-137.
[9]卢健.给水库“遮阳球”防蒸发[N].中国气象报,2015-8-26(4).
[10]李存立,严新军,侍克斌.不同厚度的浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水效率分析[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(1):32-34.
[11]李存立,严新军,侍克斌,等.不同面积浮板覆盖下干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水效率分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(3):73-76,81.
[12]Assouline S,Narkis K,Or D.Evaporation from Partially Covered Water Surfaces[J].Water Resources Research,2010,46(10):2 290-2 296.