渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷3区多期叠加断裂体系形成机制
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摘要
针对渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷3区内广泛发育的多期叠加断裂体系形成机制及演化过程不清的问题,以构造地质学、地质力学理论为指导,采用三维地震解释、构造物理模拟、有限元数值模拟等综合、联合技术,梳理断裂几何特征及组合样式,恢复不同构造活动期的应力状态,分析平面上变应力场条件下的断裂形成演化规律,探讨垂向上断陷盆地深部先期构造对晚期断裂形成和演化的控制作用,建立研究区多期叠加断裂体系动力学模式。结果表明:以沙河街顶不整合为界分为上、下两套断裂系统,常呈现为"X"型叠加样式,中间具短期反转特征,上部为SN向伸展兼左旋走滑的复合断裂系统,力学机制为纯剪,下部为NW-SE向伸展断裂系统,力学机制为单剪。叠加断裂体系的发育主要受控于地质力学层分布、晚期应力强度、先期断裂与后期应力方向之间的夹角。先期断裂的存在影响着局部应力场的重新分布以及后期断裂的发育,晚期断裂要么继续扩展,要么产生新的断裂。以不整合面为主要特征的岩层界面作为一种力学薄弱面,受力作用时,容易发生"变形不协调或滑移"现象,使得断裂发育在垂向上具有明显的不连续性或间断性;区域上,多期叠加断裂系统的形成和发育直接受控于郯庐断裂古近纪以来构造应力场的转变。
This research focuses on investigating the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of the superimposed multi-stage fault systems in Block 3 of Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin. The workflow herein adopted a variety of modern techniques such as 3-D seismic interpretation,physical simulation of structure and finite element numerical simulation,and took the theories of structural geology and geomechanics as guidance. We recognized the geometry and combination modes of faults,restored the paleostress state of different tectonic periods,analyzed the development and evolution patterns of faults under variable stress field,discussed the control of pre-existing structures on later fault formation and evolution,and established geodynamic models of the superimposed multi-stage fault systems in the study area. The results showed that,bounded by unconformity on the top of Shahejie Formation,the X-pattern normal faults could be divided into two vertically superposed fault systems with short-term inversion characteristics. The upper tone is a SN-trending composite extensional and sinistral strike-slip fault system with pure shear deformation being predominant,while the lower tone is a NW-SE-trending extensional fault system with single shear deformation being predominant. Distribution of geomechanical layers,later tectonic stress intensity,and angle between pre-existing fault strike and later principle stress direction were regarded as the three main factors controlling the development of superposed fault systems. The pre-existing faults could influence the redistribution of local stress field and the development of later faults,which either continued to expand along early faults,or created new faults. As a mechanical weak surface,the unconformity was easy to generate uncoordinated de-formation or slipping,resulting in significant vertical discontinuous development of faults. Regionally,the formation and evolution of the superimposed fault system in Block 3 of Nanpu Sag was directly controlled by transition of tectonic stress field by Tan-Lu fault since the Paleogene.
This research focuses on investigating the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of the superimposed multi-stage fault systems in Block 3 of Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin. The workflow herein adopted a variety of modern techniques such as 3-D seismic interpretation,physical simulation of structure and finite element numerical simulation,and took the theories of structural geology and geomechanics as guidance. We recognized the geometry and combination modes of faults,restored the paleostress state of different tectonic periods,analyzed the development and evolution patterns of faults under variable stress field,discussed the control of pre-existing structures on later fault formation and evolution,and established geodynamic models of the superimposed multi-stage fault systems in the study area. The results showed that,bounded by unconformity on the top of Shahejie Formation,the X-pattern normal faults could be divided into two vertically superposed fault systems with short-term inversion characteristics. The upper tone is a SN-trending composite extensional and sinistral strike-slip fault system with pure shear deformation being predominant,while the lower tone is a NW-SE-trending extensional fault system with single shear deformation being predominant. Distribution of geomechanical layers,later tectonic stress intensity,and angle between pre-existing fault strike and later principle stress direction were regarded as the three main factors controlling the development of superposed fault systems. The pre-existing faults could influence the redistribution of local stress field and the development of later faults,which either continued to expand along early faults,or created new faults. As a mechanical weak surface,the unconformity was easy to generate uncoordinated de-formation or slipping,resulting in significant vertical discontinuous development of faults. Regionally,the formation and evolution of the superimposed fault system in Block 3 of Nanpu Sag was directly controlled by transition of tectonic stress field by Tan-Lu fault since the Paleogene.
引文
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[5]孙同文,付广,吕延防,等.南堡1号构造中浅层油气富集主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(7):1042-1050.Sun Tongwen,Fu Guang,Lv Yanfang,et al.Main controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle-shallow layer 1st structure,Nanpu Sag[J].Nstural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(7):1042-1050.
[6]童亨茂,赵宝银,曹哲,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂系统成因的构造解析[J].地质学报,2013,87(11):1647-1659.Tong Hengmao,Zhao Baoyin,Cao Zhe,et al.Structural analysis of faulting system origin in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(11):1647-1659.
[7]Byerlee J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure and Application Geophysics,1978,116:615-626.
[8]董大伟,李理,刘建,等.冀中坳陷中北部新生代构造演化特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):772-779.Dong Dawei,Li Li,Liu Jian,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the north-central Jizhong Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):772-779.
[9]童亨茂,龚发雄,孟令箭,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷北边界断层演化及其石油地质意义[J].地球科学前沿,2017,7(2):276-287.Tong Hengmao,Gong Faxiong,Meng Lingjian,et al.New understanding of boundary fault evolution and its petroleum geological significance in Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Advances in Geosciences,2017,7(2):276-287.
[10]Morley C K,Gabdi S,Seusutthiya K.Fault superimposition and linkage resulting from stress changes during rifting:Examples from 3D seismic data,Phitsanulok Basin,Thailand[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29:646-663.
[11]Donath F A.Experimental study of shear failure in anisotropic rocks[J].AAPG,1961,72(6):985-989.
[12]Mc Lamore R,Gray K E.The mechanical behavior of anisotropic sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Engineering for Industry,1967,89(1):62-73.
[13]Kumar R,Verma A K.Experimental study of anisotropic shear strength of rock joins[D].Kharagpur:Indian Institute of Technology,2016.
[14]徐素国,梁卫国,莫江,等.软弱泥岩夹层对层状盐岩体力学特性影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):878-883.Xu Suguo,Liang Weiguo,Mo Jiang,et al.Influence of weak Mudstone intercalated layer on mechanical properties of laminated Salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):878-883.
[15]商琳,戴俊生,冯建伟,等.砂泥岩互层裂缝发育的地层厚度效应[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):35-41.Shang Lin,Dai Junsheng,Feng Jianwei,et al.Influence of thickness effects on the fracture development insand-mud interbed formation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(1):35-41.
[16]戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283.Dai Junsheng,Feng Jianwei,Li Ming,et al.Discussion on the extension law of structural fracture in sand-mud interbed formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):277-283.
[17]曾联波.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Zeng Lianbo.Formation and distribution of cracks in low Permeability Sandstone reservoirs[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[18]邓俊国,王贤.南堡凹陷构造应力场演化史与油气聚集[J].保定师专学报,1999,12(2):72-77.Deng Junguo Wang Xian.The Evolution history on the tectonic stress field and the oil-gas accumulation[J].Journal of Baoding Teacher’s College,1999,12(2):72-77.
[19]魏忠文,熊保贤,葛云龙,等.南堡凹陷北部东营末期构造应力场与油气运移关系的探讨[J].现代地质,2000,14(4):435-439.Wei Zhongwen,Xiong Baoxian,Ge Yunlong,et al.Relationship between structural stress field and hydrocarbon migration in the northern Nanpu depression at the late stage of Dongying[J].Geo science-journal of graduate school,China University of Geosciences,2000,14(4):435-439.
[20]胡明,姜宏军,付广,等.似花状断裂密集带富油差异性—以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷中浅层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):528-535.Hu Ming,Jiang Hongjun,Fu Guang,et al.Characterization of petroleum pooling patterns in dense flower-like fault belts:Taking the middle and shallow layers in Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin as an example[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):528-535.
[21]徐嘉炜,马国锋.郯庐断裂带研究十年回顾[J].地质论评,1992,38(4):316-324.Xu Jiawei,Ma Guofeng.Review of ten years(1981-1991)of research on the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,1992,38(4):316-324.
[22]张庆龙,王良书,解国爱,等.郯庐断裂带北延及中新生代构造体制转换问题的探讨[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):577-584.Zhang Qingliang,Wang Liangshu,Xie Aiguo,et al.Discussion on northward extension of the Tanlu fault zone and its tectonic regime transformation[J].Geological Journal of China universities,2005,11(4):577-584.
[23]王书琴,孙晓猛,杜继宇,等.郯庐断裂带北段构造样式解析[J].地质论评,2012,58(3):414-423.Wang Shuqin,Sun Xiaomeng,Du Jiyu,et al.Analysis of structural styles in northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,2012,58(3):414-423.
[24]张慧,焦明若,刘峡.太平洋板块俯冲对中国东北深浅震影响机理的数值模拟[J].地震,2012,32(2):135-142.Zhang Hui,Jiao Mingruo,Liuxia.Numerical simulations of the influencing mechanism of the pacific plate subduction to NE China on deep and shallow earthquakes[J].Earthquake,2012,32(2):135-142.
[25]朱光,徐嘉炜,孙世群,等.郯庐断裂带平移时代的同位素年龄证据[J].地质论评,1995,41(5):452-456.Zhu Guang,Xu Jiawei,Sun Shiqun,et al.Istopic age evidence for the timing of stride-slip movement of the Tan-lu fault zone[J].Geological Review,1995,41(5):452-456.
[2]韩保清,罗群,黄捍东,等.叠合盆地及其基本地质特征[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2006,28(4):12-14.Han Baoqing,Luo Qun,Huang Handong,et al.Superimposed basin and its fundamental geological characteristics[J].Journal of Oil&Gas Technology,2006,28(4):12-14.
[3]吕延防,韦丹宁,孙永河,等.南堡凹陷断裂对中-上部含油组合油气成藏的控制作用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2015,45(4):971-982.Lv Yanfang,Wei Danning,Sun Yonghe,et al.Control action of faults on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the middle and upper oil-earing group in Nanpu Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University(earth science edition),2015,45(4):971-982.
[4]周天伟,周建勋.南堡凹陷晚新生代X型断裂形成机制及其对油气运聚的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(1):20-27.Zhou Tianwei,Zhou Jianxun.Formation mechanism of X-Pattern normal faults during late Cenozoic and their impaction on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2008,32(1):20-27.
[5]孙同文,付广,吕延防,等.南堡1号构造中浅层油气富集主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(7):1042-1050.Sun Tongwen,Fu Guang,Lv Yanfang,et al.Main controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle-shallow layer 1st structure,Nanpu Sag[J].Nstural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(7):1042-1050.
[6]童亨茂,赵宝银,曹哲,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂系统成因的构造解析[J].地质学报,2013,87(11):1647-1659.Tong Hengmao,Zhao Baoyin,Cao Zhe,et al.Structural analysis of faulting system origin in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(11):1647-1659.
[7]Byerlee J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure and Application Geophysics,1978,116:615-626.
[8]董大伟,李理,刘建,等.冀中坳陷中北部新生代构造演化特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):772-779.Dong Dawei,Li Li,Liu Jian,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the north-central Jizhong Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):772-779.
[9]童亨茂,龚发雄,孟令箭,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷北边界断层演化及其石油地质意义[J].地球科学前沿,2017,7(2):276-287.Tong Hengmao,Gong Faxiong,Meng Lingjian,et al.New understanding of boundary fault evolution and its petroleum geological significance in Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Advances in Geosciences,2017,7(2):276-287.
[10]Morley C K,Gabdi S,Seusutthiya K.Fault superimposition and linkage resulting from stress changes during rifting:Examples from 3D seismic data,Phitsanulok Basin,Thailand[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29:646-663.
[11]Donath F A.Experimental study of shear failure in anisotropic rocks[J].AAPG,1961,72(6):985-989.
[12]Mc Lamore R,Gray K E.The mechanical behavior of anisotropic sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Engineering for Industry,1967,89(1):62-73.
[13]Kumar R,Verma A K.Experimental study of anisotropic shear strength of rock joins[D].Kharagpur:Indian Institute of Technology,2016.
[14]徐素国,梁卫国,莫江,等.软弱泥岩夹层对层状盐岩体力学特性影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):878-883.Xu Suguo,Liang Weiguo,Mo Jiang,et al.Influence of weak Mudstone intercalated layer on mechanical properties of laminated Salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):878-883.
[15]商琳,戴俊生,冯建伟,等.砂泥岩互层裂缝发育的地层厚度效应[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):35-41.Shang Lin,Dai Junsheng,Feng Jianwei,et al.Influence of thickness effects on the fracture development insand-mud interbed formation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(1):35-41.
[16]戴俊生,冯建伟,李明,等.砂泥岩间互地层裂缝延伸规律探讨[J].地学前缘,2011,18(2):277-283.Dai Junsheng,Feng Jianwei,Li Ming,et al.Discussion on the extension law of structural fracture in sand-mud interbed formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(2):277-283.
[17]曾联波.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Zeng Lianbo.Formation and distribution of cracks in low Permeability Sandstone reservoirs[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[18]邓俊国,王贤.南堡凹陷构造应力场演化史与油气聚集[J].保定师专学报,1999,12(2):72-77.Deng Junguo Wang Xian.The Evolution history on the tectonic stress field and the oil-gas accumulation[J].Journal of Baoding Teacher’s College,1999,12(2):72-77.
[19]魏忠文,熊保贤,葛云龙,等.南堡凹陷北部东营末期构造应力场与油气运移关系的探讨[J].现代地质,2000,14(4):435-439.Wei Zhongwen,Xiong Baoxian,Ge Yunlong,et al.Relationship between structural stress field and hydrocarbon migration in the northern Nanpu depression at the late stage of Dongying[J].Geo science-journal of graduate school,China University of Geosciences,2000,14(4):435-439.
[20]胡明,姜宏军,付广,等.似花状断裂密集带富油差异性—以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷中浅层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):528-535.Hu Ming,Jiang Hongjun,Fu Guang,et al.Characterization of petroleum pooling patterns in dense flower-like fault belts:Taking the middle and shallow layers in Nanpu Sag of Bohai Bay Basin as an example[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(4):528-535.
[21]徐嘉炜,马国锋.郯庐断裂带研究十年回顾[J].地质论评,1992,38(4):316-324.Xu Jiawei,Ma Guofeng.Review of ten years(1981-1991)of research on the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,1992,38(4):316-324.
[22]张庆龙,王良书,解国爱,等.郯庐断裂带北延及中新生代构造体制转换问题的探讨[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):577-584.Zhang Qingliang,Wang Liangshu,Xie Aiguo,et al.Discussion on northward extension of the Tanlu fault zone and its tectonic regime transformation[J].Geological Journal of China universities,2005,11(4):577-584.
[23]王书琴,孙晓猛,杜继宇,等.郯庐断裂带北段构造样式解析[J].地质论评,2012,58(3):414-423.Wang Shuqin,Sun Xiaomeng,Du Jiyu,et al.Analysis of structural styles in northern segment of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone[J].Geological Review,2012,58(3):414-423.
[24]张慧,焦明若,刘峡.太平洋板块俯冲对中国东北深浅震影响机理的数值模拟[J].地震,2012,32(2):135-142.Zhang Hui,Jiao Mingruo,Liuxia.Numerical simulations of the influencing mechanism of the pacific plate subduction to NE China on deep and shallow earthquakes[J].Earthquake,2012,32(2):135-142.
[25]朱光,徐嘉炜,孙世群,等.郯庐断裂带平移时代的同位素年龄证据[J].地质论评,1995,41(5):452-456.Zhu Guang,Xu Jiawei,Sun Shiqun,et al.Istopic age evidence for the timing of stride-slip movement of the Tan-lu fault zone[J].Geological Review,1995,41(5):452-456.