2001年春季东中国海三维环流的数值模拟
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摘要
本文基于2001年4月东中国海区域实测水文资料,应用三维有限元模式FEOM(Finite Element Ocean Model)对东中国海三维环流系统进行了数值计算分析。模式水平网格系统采用单节点线性三角形网格,垂向使用z坐标,观测温、盐度场通过客观分析法插值得到初始条件,分别进行了诊断计算和强诊断计算,计算结果表明:(1)改进逆方法可以很好地反演研究区域流函数和流量分布,为数值模拟提供优质可靠的开边界条件。(2)有限元模式在网格自由度方面和对研究区域的完整覆盖方面优势明显,高分辨率的垂向z坐标也可以较好地拟合海底地形,从而得到较高分辨率的三维数值模拟结果。(3)通过诊断计算,模拟再现了东中国海春季环流的多涡结构,分辨出了台湾暖流、黄海沿岸流、黄海暖流等流系。(4)比较诊断与强诊断两个计算结果,它们在定性上较为一致,在定量上有些差别,总体分布强诊断计算结果更为合理。
On the basis of observed hydrological data in the East China Sea during April 2001,a threedimensional model—FEOM(Finite Element Ocean Model)was applied to perform numerical analysis on the circulation in this region.The model uses single node linear triangular mesh for the horizontal grid and z-coordinate in vertical direction.Objective analysis method was introduced to interpolate this data to all the nodes to obtain the initial temperature and salinity condition,preparing for numerical experiments running respectively by diagnostic and robust diagnostic calculation.The computed results show that:(1)Stream function and flux calculated from the modified inverse method can reveal the velocity distribution of the study area well,and it can provide reliable open boundary condition to this simulation.(2)The finite element model has obvious advantages in respects to grid degree of freedom and full coverage of the study area.The high resolution vertical z-coordinate can also fit well with sea bottom topography,resulting in higher resolution results of three-dimensional numerical simulation.(3)Through the diagnostic calculation,the multi-eddy structure of the spring circulation in the East China Sea is reproduced,and the flow system of the Taiwan Warm Current,the Yellow Sea Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Warm Current are distinguished.(4)Diagnostic and robust diagnostic calculation results agree qualitatively,but there are still some differences.In terms of overall distribution,the structure of the robust diagnostic calculation is more reasonable.
On the basis of observed hydrological data in the East China Sea during April 2001,a threedimensional model—FEOM(Finite Element Ocean Model)was applied to perform numerical analysis on the circulation in this region.The model uses single node linear triangular mesh for the horizontal grid and z-coordinate in vertical direction.Objective analysis method was introduced to interpolate this data to all the nodes to obtain the initial temperature and salinity condition,preparing for numerical experiments running respectively by diagnostic and robust diagnostic calculation.The computed results show that:(1)Stream function and flux calculated from the modified inverse method can reveal the velocity distribution of the study area well,and it can provide reliable open boundary condition to this simulation.(2)The finite element model has obvious advantages in respects to grid degree of freedom and full coverage of the study area.The high resolution vertical z-coordinate can also fit well with sea bottom topography,resulting in higher resolution results of three-dimensional numerical simulation.(3)Through the diagnostic calculation,the multi-eddy structure of the spring circulation in the East China Sea is reproduced,and the flow system of the Taiwan Warm Current,the Yellow Sea Coastal Current and the Yellow Sea Warm Current are distinguished.(4)Diagnostic and robust diagnostic calculation results agree qualitatively,but there are still some differences.In terms of overall distribution,the structure of the robust diagnostic calculation is more reasonable.
引文
[1]BAO Xian-wen.Simulation and analysis of the circulation in the East China Sea and its dynamic process[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2003.鲍献文.东中国海环流及其相关动力过程的模拟与分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.
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[3]TANG Yu-xiang,ZOU E-mei,LIE Heung-Jae,et al.Some features of circulation in the southern Huanghai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2000,22(1):1-16.汤毓祥,邹娥梅,李兴宰,等.南黄海环流的若干特征[J].海洋学报,2000,22(1):1-16.
[4]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-lan,ZHAO Jing-san.A single layer model of the continental shelf circulation in the East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1982,4(1):1-11.袁耀初,苏纪兰,赵金三.东中国海陆架环流的单层模式[J].海洋学报,1982,4(1):1-11.
[5]WANG Wei,SU Ji-lan.A positive pressure model of Kuroshioand vortex in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1987,9(3):271-285.王卫,苏纪兰.黄、东海黑潮流系和涡旋现象的一个正压模式[J].海洋学报,1987,9(3):271-285.
[6]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-yuan,XIA Sang-yuan.A diagnostic model of summer circulation on the northwest shelf of the East Chinasea[J].Progress in Oceanography,1986,17(3-4):163-176.
[7]ZHU Yao-hua,FANG Guo-hong.A three-dimensional positive pressure model of circulation in continental shelf and shallow sea and its application in Bohai and East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1994,16(6):11-26.朱耀华,方国洪.陆架和浅海环流的一个三维正压模式及其在渤、黄、东海的应用[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6):11-26.
[8]QIAO Fang-li,Masataka Watanabe,YUAN Ye-li,et al.Numerical simulation of the circulation in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1998(2):244-254.乔方利,渡边正孝,袁业立,等.黄海和东海的环流数值模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,1998(2):244-254.
[9]LI Hui-fei,ZHAO Bao-ren.Numerical model of the circulation of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2001,25(1):28-32.李徽翡,赵保仁.渤、黄、东海夏季环流的数值模拟[J].海洋科学,2001,25(1):28-32.
[10]BAI Xue-zhi,WANG Fan,HU Dun-xin.Numerical simulation of the seasonal circulation in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2003,45(45):77-83.白学志,王凡,胡敦欣.东中国海环流及其季节变化的数值模拟[J].海洋科学集刊,2003,45(45):77-83.
[11]LIAN Zhan,WEI Ze-xun,WANG Yong-gang,et al.Overview of numerical studies on the China adjacent sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2009,27(2):250-265.连展,魏泽勋,王永刚,等.中国近海环流数值模拟研究综述[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(2):250-265.
[12]WANG Q,DANILOV S,SCHROTERJ.Finite element ocean circulation model based on triangular prismatic elements,with application in studying the effect of topography representation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2008,113(C5),doi:10.1029/2007JC004482.
[13]WUNSCH C.The circulation of the North Atlantic west of50°W determined from inverse method[J].Rev Geophys Space Phys,1978(16):587-620.
[14]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-lan,PAN Zi-qin.Volume and heat transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1989[C]//Study on Kuroshio Research(4).Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992:253-264.袁耀初,苏纪兰,潘子勤.1989年东海黑潮流量与热通量计算[C]//黑潮调查研究论文选(四).北京:海洋出版社,1992:253-264.
[15]PACANOWSKI R C,PHILANDER S G H.Parameterization ofvertical mixing in numerical-models of tropical oceans[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1981,11(11):1 443-1 451.
[2]SU Ji-lan.A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,7(1):1-16.苏纪兰.中国近海的环流动力机制研究[J].海洋学报,2001,7(1):1-16.
[3]TANG Yu-xiang,ZOU E-mei,LIE Heung-Jae,et al.Some features of circulation in the southern Huanghai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2000,22(1):1-16.汤毓祥,邹娥梅,李兴宰,等.南黄海环流的若干特征[J].海洋学报,2000,22(1):1-16.
[4]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-lan,ZHAO Jing-san.A single layer model of the continental shelf circulation in the East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1982,4(1):1-11.袁耀初,苏纪兰,赵金三.东中国海陆架环流的单层模式[J].海洋学报,1982,4(1):1-11.
[5]WANG Wei,SU Ji-lan.A positive pressure model of Kuroshioand vortex in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1987,9(3):271-285.王卫,苏纪兰.黄、东海黑潮流系和涡旋现象的一个正压模式[J].海洋学报,1987,9(3):271-285.
[6]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-yuan,XIA Sang-yuan.A diagnostic model of summer circulation on the northwest shelf of the East Chinasea[J].Progress in Oceanography,1986,17(3-4):163-176.
[7]ZHU Yao-hua,FANG Guo-hong.A three-dimensional positive pressure model of circulation in continental shelf and shallow sea and its application in Bohai and East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1994,16(6):11-26.朱耀华,方国洪.陆架和浅海环流的一个三维正压模式及其在渤、黄、东海的应用[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6):11-26.
[8]QIAO Fang-li,Masataka Watanabe,YUAN Ye-li,et al.Numerical simulation of the circulation in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1998(2):244-254.乔方利,渡边正孝,袁业立,等.黄海和东海的环流数值模拟研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,1998(2):244-254.
[9]LI Hui-fei,ZHAO Bao-ren.Numerical model of the circulation of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2001,25(1):28-32.李徽翡,赵保仁.渤、黄、东海夏季环流的数值模拟[J].海洋科学,2001,25(1):28-32.
[10]BAI Xue-zhi,WANG Fan,HU Dun-xin.Numerical simulation of the seasonal circulation in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2003,45(45):77-83.白学志,王凡,胡敦欣.东中国海环流及其季节变化的数值模拟[J].海洋科学集刊,2003,45(45):77-83.
[11]LIAN Zhan,WEI Ze-xun,WANG Yong-gang,et al.Overview of numerical studies on the China adjacent sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2009,27(2):250-265.连展,魏泽勋,王永刚,等.中国近海环流数值模拟研究综述[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(2):250-265.
[12]WANG Q,DANILOV S,SCHROTERJ.Finite element ocean circulation model based on triangular prismatic elements,with application in studying the effect of topography representation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2008,113(C5),doi:10.1029/2007JC004482.
[13]WUNSCH C.The circulation of the North Atlantic west of50°W determined from inverse method[J].Rev Geophys Space Phys,1978(16):587-620.
[14]YUAN Yao-chu,SU Ji-lan,PAN Zi-qin.Volume and heat transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1989[C]//Study on Kuroshio Research(4).Beijing:China Ocean Press,1992:253-264.袁耀初,苏纪兰,潘子勤.1989年东海黑潮流量与热通量计算[C]//黑潮调查研究论文选(四).北京:海洋出版社,1992:253-264.
[15]PACANOWSKI R C,PHILANDER S G H.Parameterization ofvertical mixing in numerical-models of tropical oceans[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1981,11(11):1 443-1 451.