不同控光与灌水量对滴灌玉米田间土壤温度变化规律的影响
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摘要
为了说明不同控光和灌水量条件下,大田滴灌玉米土壤温度的变化规律,设置两因素的大田小区试验,采用控光率为0%、20%、50%和70%(L1、L2、L3、L4)的遮阴处理,灌水量为3 000、3 750、4 500和5 250m~3/hm~2(W1、W2、W3、W4)4个处理进行分析研究。结果表明:不同灌水量处理之间温差显著(P<0.05),W1L1、W2L1、W3L1、W4L1处理0～60 cm深土壤平均温差为0.6℃左右,0～30 cm深土壤温度对气温响应明显,10 cm深处土壤温度日变幅最大,最大可达4.8℃左右;不同控光处理较正常光照处理土壤温度明显下降,W2L2、W2L3、W2L4处理比W2L1处理0～60 cm深土壤平均温度下降1.8～2.9℃,W2L2、W2L3、W2L4处理之间0～60 cm深平均温差0.6℃左右;W2L2、W2L3、W2L4处理10 cm深处日变幅相对W2L1处理较小,对气温的响应程度也明显减小,20～30 cm深处土壤温度日变化较平缓;不同控光和灌水量各处理在45～60 cm深处土壤温度对气温响应不显著,基本趋于稳定。控光和灌水对土壤温度均有滞后效应,随着土壤深度的增加土壤温度也有滞后效应,不同灌水量下每10 cm深滞后2 h左右,不同控光条件下每10 cm滞后约1 h。研究控光和灌水对膜下滴灌玉米大田土壤温度的影响,为研究光、热和水对膜下滴灌玉米的协同调控提供理论依据,对科学种植玉米和指导生产实践具有重要意义。
The effects of different light control and irrigation conditions on soil temperature in corn field were studied by submerged drip irrigation corn field experiment.The experiment was conducted in a two-factor and four-level field plot.The light control rate was set at 0%,20%,50% and 70%,and the irrigation volume was set at 3 000,3 750,4 500 and 5 250 m~3/hm~2.The results show that the temperature difference between different irrigation treatments is significant.W1L1,W2L1,W3L1,W4L1 treatment of 0-60 cm deep soil average temperature difference is about 0.6 ℃,0-30 cm deep soil temperature response temperature,10 cm deep soil temperature day the largest amplitude change,up to 4.8 ℃; the soil temperature of different light control treatments decreased significantly compared with the normal light treatment temperature.The W2L2,W2L3,and W2L4 treatments decreased by 1.8 to 2.9 ℃ relative to the W2L1 treatment.The average temperature difference between 0-60 cm between W2L2,W2L3 and W2L4 is about 0.6 ℃; the daily variation of W2L2,W2L3 and W2L4 at 10 cm depth is relatively small compared with normal illumination,the maximum variation is 2.6 ℃,and the response to temperature is also significantly reduced.The daily variation of soil temperature at 20-30 cm is small;the soil temperature at the depth of 45-60 cm in each treatment basically did not respond to the temperature and became stable.Light control and irrigation have hysteretic effect on soil temperature,and soil temperature also has hysteretic effect with the increase of soil depth.Under different irrigation rates,10 cm per hour is about 2 h lag,and 1 h lag behind 1 h at different light control conditions.To study the effects of light control and irrigation on soil temperature in drip irrigation maize field under mulch is of great significance to study the synergistic regulation of light,heat and water on drip irrigation maize under mulch,and to regulate soil water and temperature,improve water use efficiency and maize yield.
The effects of different light control and irrigation conditions on soil temperature in corn field were studied by submerged drip irrigation corn field experiment.The experiment was conducted in a two-factor and four-level field plot.The light control rate was set at 0%,20%,50% and 70%,and the irrigation volume was set at 3 000,3 750,4 500 and 5 250 m~3/hm~2.The results show that the temperature difference between different irrigation treatments is significant.W1L1,W2L1,W3L1,W4L1 treatment of 0-60 cm deep soil average temperature difference is about 0.6 ℃,0-30 cm deep soil temperature response temperature,10 cm deep soil temperature day the largest amplitude change,up to 4.8 ℃; the soil temperature of different light control treatments decreased significantly compared with the normal light treatment temperature.The W2L2,W2L3,and W2L4 treatments decreased by 1.8 to 2.9 ℃ relative to the W2L1 treatment.The average temperature difference between 0-60 cm between W2L2,W2L3 and W2L4 is about 0.6 ℃; the daily variation of W2L2,W2L3 and W2L4 at 10 cm depth is relatively small compared with normal illumination,the maximum variation is 2.6 ℃,and the response to temperature is also significantly reduced.The daily variation of soil temperature at 20-30 cm is small;the soil temperature at the depth of 45-60 cm in each treatment basically did not respond to the temperature and became stable.Light control and irrigation have hysteretic effect on soil temperature,and soil temperature also has hysteretic effect with the increase of soil depth.Under different irrigation rates,10 cm per hour is about 2 h lag,and 1 h lag behind 1 h at different light control conditions.To study the effects of light control and irrigation on soil temperature in drip irrigation maize field under mulch is of great significance to study the synergistic regulation of light,heat and water on drip irrigation maize under mulch,and to regulate soil water and temperature,improve water use efficiency and maize yield.
引文
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[2] 周黛怡,杨洪海,秦榕,等.基于地面观测与GEWEX-SRB卫星反演新疆维吾尔自治区地面太阳辐射研究[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(4):84-91.ZHOU D Y,YANG H H,QIN R,et al.Study on surface solar radiation over xinjiang uygur autonomous region basedon surface observations and the GEWEX-SRB retrieved from satellite [J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2018,34(4):84-91.
[3] 曹美春,林朝晖,张贺.太阳常数变化对冬季全球辐射强迫及气候影响的数值模拟研究[J].气象科技进展,2014,4(4):38-43.CAO M CH,LIN CH H,ZHANG H.A modeling study of the response of radiative forcingand climate to solar constant variation in boreal winter [J].Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology,2014,4(4):38-43.
[4] 陈继康,李素娟,张宇,等.不同耕作方式麦田土壤温度及其对气温的响应特征——土壤温度日变化及其对气温的响应[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(7):2592-2600.CHEN J K,LI S J,ZHANG Y,et al.Characteristics of soil temperature and response to air temperature under different tillage systems——diurnal dynamic of soil temperature and its response to air temperature [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(7):2592-2600.
[5] 罗宁,魏湜,李晶,等.低温胁迫对玉米苗期根系特征及电导率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2694-2699.NUO N,WEI SH,LI J,et al.Effects of low-temperature stress on root system characteristics and electric conductivity ofmaize seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2694-2699.
[6] 员学锋,吴普特,汪有科.地膜覆盖保墒灌溉的土壤水、热以及作物效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(1):25-29.YUN X F,WU P T,WANG Y K.Study on the effect of irrigation under plastic preservation of soil moisture on soil and crop [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2006,25(1):25-29.
[7] 袁巧霞.温度和含水率对土壤比热容影响的神经网络预测[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(5):108-111.YUAN Q X.Prediction for the effect of temperature and water content on the soil specific heat by bp neural network [J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(5):108-111.
[8] 任新茂,孙东宝,王庆锁.覆膜和种植密度对旱作春玉米产量和蒸散量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):206-211.REN X M,SUN D B,WANG Q S.Effects of film mulching and planting density on yield and evapotranspiration of spring maize under dry farming [J].Journal of Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):206-211.
[9] 霍轶珍,郭彦芬,韩翠莲,等.不同覆膜处理对土壤水热效应及春玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):124-128.HUO Y ZH,GUO Y F,HAN C L,et al.Effects of different film mulching treatments on soil moisture,heat and spring maize yield [J].Research Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(5):124-128.
[10] 张伟,汪春,梁远,等.残茬覆盖对寒地旱作区土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):70-73.ZHANG W,WANG CH,LIANG Y,et al.Effects of Stubble Mulching on soil temperature in cold and dry farming areas [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Ergineering,2006,22(5):70-73.
[11] 白有帅,贾生海,雒天峰.覆膜滴灌条件下灌水量对玉米根系分布特征的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(11):19-22.BAI Y SH,JIA SH H,LUO T F.Effect of irrigation on root distribution characteristics of maize under film drip irrigation [J].Water-saving Irrigation,2016(11):19-22.
[12] 银敏华,李援农,谷晓博,等.茬覆盖与耕作方式对土壤性状及夏玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):52- 56.YIN M H,LI Y N,GU X B,et al.Effects of stubble mulching and tillage methods on soil properties and water use efficiency of summer maize [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Ergineering,2005,21(1):52-56.
[13] 张欢.秸秆残茬覆盖对土壤水热效应和玉米产量的影响研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.ZHANG H.Research on the influence of soil effect of water and temperature and maize yield from straw stubble mulching [D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.
[14] 员学锋,吴普特,汪有科,等.免耕条件下秸秆覆盖保墒灌溉的土壤水、热及作物效应研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):22-26.YUN X F,WU P T,WANG Y K,et al.Soil moisture conserving irrigation under straw mulch with no-tillage [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Ergineering,2006,22(7):22-26.
[15] 韩丙芳,田军仓,杨金忠.玉米膜上灌溉条件下土壤水、热运动规律的研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):85-89.HAN B F,TIAN J C,YANG J ZH.Transport laws of soil water and heat in the maize field irrigated from the film hole [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Ergineering,2007,23(12):85-89.
[16] 孙贯芳,杜斌,屈忠义,等.温度与土壤水分对玉米种子活力和贮藏物质转运的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(6):18-21.SUN G F,DU B,QU ZH Y,et al.Impact of temperature and soil moisture on seed vitality of maize and transport of storage materials within it [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2017,36(6):18-21.
[17] 任志雨,王秀峰.根区温度对作物生长和生理代谢的影响综述[J].天津农学院学报,2003,10(2):32-36.REN ZH Y,WANG X F.Effects of root zone temperature on growth and physiological metabolism of crop [J].Journal of Tianjin Agricultural College,2003,10(2):32-36.
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