鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区二叠系下石盒子组岩屑发育特征及其对储层物性的影响
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区具有良好的致密气勘探潜力,下石盒子组是杭锦旗地区的主力产气层段。储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩和岩屑质石英砂岩为主。根据偏光显微镜下铸体薄片观察以及扫描电镜、高压压汞、粘土矿物X-衍射、阴极发光等分析测试手段的应用,结合相关孔渗数据对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区下石盒子组储层的岩石学特征及储层物性特征进行了研究,明确了岩屑颗粒的发育特征及其对储层物性的影响。结果表明:下石盒子组储层粒度较粗,主要为粗粒及中-粗粒砂岩;岩屑平均含量高达40%。研究区储层埋藏较深,成岩作用改造强烈,压实作用强,原生孔隙绝大部分被改造充填,次生孔隙为主要的储集空间。储层岩屑类型发育多样,根据岩屑对储层物性的影响,将其整体划分为减孔型岩屑、增孔型岩屑、保孔型岩屑3类。减孔型岩屑较发育会使粒间次生溶孔大量减少且自身难以溶蚀,因而破坏储层的物性,其中以高含量的千枚岩岩屑对储层物性影响最为显著;增孔型岩屑的发育则对储层物性有着明显的改善效应,其可以保存部分粒间孔,还易发生内部溶蚀,改善储层物性,其中以高含量的变质石英岩屑对储层物性影响最为显著;保孔型岩屑本身抗压实能力较强且多数较难溶蚀,可以保护原有孔隙却不能通过自身溶蚀改善储层物性,通常与增孔类岩屑同时发育,该类岩屑与物性呈间接性正相关关系。
Hangjinqi area has great potential for tight gas exploration in Ordos Basin and the Lower Shihezi Formation is the major gas pay zone in the area. The reservoir rocks are mainly composed of lithic sandstones and lithic quartz sandstones. Based on the observation of cast thin section and the analyses of the SEM images,high pressure mercury injection,X-ray diffraction of clay minerals and cathodoluminescence,and combining with the relevant porosity and permeability data,we studied the petrological characteristics and physical properties of reservoirs in the Lower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi area of northern Ordos Basin and identified the developmental features of detrital grains and their influence on reservoir physical properties. The following results were obtained. The Lower Shihezi Formation reservoir is mainly composed of medium-coarse sandstones characterized by coarse grain size,with an average content of detritus as high as 40%. The reservoir of the study area is deeply buried,and experienced strong diagenesis and compaction later,leading to the filling of most primary pores and the secondary pores acting as the main reservoir space. The reservoir de-tritus is diversified in types. According to the influence of detritus on reservoir physical properties,the detritus as a whole can be divided into three types,namelypore reducing,pore increasing and pore retaining. The growth of pore reducing detritus leads to massive reduction of intergranular secondary solution pores and it is uneasy for these detritus to dissolve,resulting in the destruction of reservoir physical properties. Among other,a high content of phyllite detritus plays the most significant role in destroying the reservoir quality. While the growth of pore increasing detritus can function to reserve part of the intergranular pores and it is easy for the detritus to dissolve inside,so being of great help for improving the reservoir physical properties. A high content of metaquartzites is the most important factor for this improvement. Besides,the pore retaining detritus usually develops synchronously with the pore increasing one; it's strong in nature in resisting compaction and most of them is difficult to dissolve. Therefore,this detritus can protect the original pores,but could not improve the reservoir physical properties by self-dissolution,and is in indirect positive correlation with physical properties.
Hangjinqi area has great potential for tight gas exploration in Ordos Basin and the Lower Shihezi Formation is the major gas pay zone in the area. The reservoir rocks are mainly composed of lithic sandstones and lithic quartz sandstones. Based on the observation of cast thin section and the analyses of the SEM images,high pressure mercury injection,X-ray diffraction of clay minerals and cathodoluminescence,and combining with the relevant porosity and permeability data,we studied the petrological characteristics and physical properties of reservoirs in the Lower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi area of northern Ordos Basin and identified the developmental features of detrital grains and their influence on reservoir physical properties. The following results were obtained. The Lower Shihezi Formation reservoir is mainly composed of medium-coarse sandstones characterized by coarse grain size,with an average content of detritus as high as 40%. The reservoir of the study area is deeply buried,and experienced strong diagenesis and compaction later,leading to the filling of most primary pores and the secondary pores acting as the main reservoir space. The reservoir de-tritus is diversified in types. According to the influence of detritus on reservoir physical properties,the detritus as a whole can be divided into three types,namelypore reducing,pore increasing and pore retaining. The growth of pore reducing detritus leads to massive reduction of intergranular secondary solution pores and it is uneasy for these detritus to dissolve,resulting in the destruction of reservoir physical properties. Among other,a high content of phyllite detritus plays the most significant role in destroying the reservoir quality. While the growth of pore increasing detritus can function to reserve part of the intergranular pores and it is easy for the detritus to dissolve inside,so being of great help for improving the reservoir physical properties. A high content of metaquartzites is the most important factor for this improvement. Besides,the pore retaining detritus usually develops synchronously with the pore increasing one; it's strong in nature in resisting compaction and most of them is difficult to dissolve. Therefore,this detritus can protect the original pores,but could not improve the reservoir physical properties by self-dissolution,and is in indirect positive correlation with physical properties.
引文
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[2]于波.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层微观孔隙特征[J].西安科技大学学报,2018,38(1):150-155.Yu Bo. Micro-characteristics of Upper Paleozoic tight reservoir of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science And Technology,2018,38(1):150-155.
[3]赵桂萍.鄂尔多斯杭锦旗地区上古生界储层流体包裹体特征与天然气成藏时期[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(5):905-912.Zhao Guiping. Characterization of fluid inclusions and timing of gas accumulation in Upper Paleozoic reservoirs of Hangjinqi area,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(5):905-912.
[4]梁承春,郭景祥.鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田延长组长81小层致密砂岩成岩作用与储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):57-63.Liang Chengchun,Guo Jingxiang. Diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of tight sandstones of Chang81member of Yanchang Formation in Honghe oilfield,Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):57-63.
[5]于炳松,林畅松.油气储层埋藏成岩过程中的地球化学热力学[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):896-903.Yu Bingsong,Lin Changsong. Geochemical thermodynamics of diagenesis in reservoirs for Oil and Gas[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):896-903.
[6]刘喜杰,马遵敬,韩冬,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块致密砂岩优质储层形成的主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(04):481-490.Liu Xijie,Ma Zunjing,Han Dong,et al. Research on the main factors of high quality tight sandstone reservoir in LinXing block,Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(04):481-490.
[7]邱隆伟,徐宁宁,周涌沂,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地地区致密砂岩石英溶解作用及其对优质储集层的影响[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):38-44,2.Qiu Longwei,Xu Ningning,Zhou Yongyi et al. Dissolution of quartzin tight sandstones of the Daniudi Area,Ordos Basin,and its influence to high quality reservoirs[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):38-44,2.
[8]罗静兰,刘新社,付晓燕,等.岩石学组成及其成岩演化过程对致密砂岩储集质量与产能的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界盒8天然气储层为例[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2014,39(5):537-545.Luo Jinglan,Liu Xinshe,Fu Xiaoyan,et al. Impact of petrologic components and their diagenetic evolution on tight sandstone reservoir quality and gas yield:A case study from He 8 gas-Bearing reservoir of upper Paleozoic in Northern Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2014,39(5):537-545.
[9]宋凯.鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗探区成藏条件分析与区带评价[J].石油地质与工程,2013,27(5):10-13,17,145-146.Song Kai. Analysis of reservoir forming conditions and regional zone assessment in Hang jinqi i exploration area,Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2013,27(5):10-13,17,145-146.
[10]郑喜强,严岗.鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区油气圈闭类型研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,(4):279-284,12.Zheng Xiqiang,Yan Gang. Types of hydrocarbon traps types in Hangjinqi area of northern Ordos Basin[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,(4):279-284,12.
[11]田景春,刘伟伟,王峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区上古生界致密砂岩储层非均质性特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):183-189.TianJingchun,Liu weiwei,Wang feng,et al. Heterogeneity of the Paleozoic tight sandstone reservoirs in Gaoqiao Area of Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):183-189.
[12]杨杰.鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区长4+5油层组致密砂岩储层特征[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(6):25-29.Yang Jie. Characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir of Chang 4+5oil reservoir set in Yan’an area,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(6):25-29.
[13]王维斌,朱静,马文忠,等.鄂尔多斯盆地周家湾地区长8致密砂岩储层特征及影响因素[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):51-58.Wang Weibin,Zhu Jing,Ma Wenzhong,et al. Characteristics and influencing factors of Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoirof Triassic Yanchang Formation in Zhoujiawan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):51-58.
[14]徐梦龙,何治亮,尹伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区延长组8段致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):240-247.Xu Menglong,He Zhiliang,Yinwei,et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the 8thmember of the Yanchang Formation in Zhenjing area,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):240-247.
[15]李玲玲.满加尔凹陷东部志留系致密砂岩储层特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):47-51+75.Li Lingling. Reservoir characteristics of Silurian tight sandstone in the eastern Manjiaer sag[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):47-51,75.
[16]林小兵,刘莉萍,田景春,等.川西坳陷中部须家河组五段致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):224-230.Lin Xiaobing,Liu Liping,Tian Jingchun,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the 5th member of Xujiahe Formation in the central of western Sichuan Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):224-230.
[17]李光云,赖富强,何加成,等.吐哈盆地丘东洼陷下侏罗统致密砂岩储层特征及物性主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(2):310-319.Li Guangyun,Lai Fuqiang,He Jiacheng,et al. Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors on physical properties of Lower Jurassic tight sandstone in the QiuDong sub-sag,Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(2):310-319.
[18]操应长,葸克来,刘可禹,等.陆相湖盆致密砂岩油气储层储集性能表征与成储机制——以松辽盆地南部下白垩统泉头组四段为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):247-265.Cao Yingchang,Xi Kelai,Liu Keyu,et al. Reservoir properties characterization and its genetic mechanism for tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir in lacustrine basin:the case of the fourth member of lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):247-265.
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