半导电屏蔽材料体积电阻率对聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响
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摘要
为研究半导电屏蔽材料的体积电阻率对高压直流电缆绝缘层内空间电荷特性的影响,在乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中加入不同质量份数(表示每100 g EVA中掺杂炭黑的克数)的导电炭黑,制备具有不同电阻率的半导电屏蔽材料。采用电声脉冲法测试以不同电阻率屏蔽材料为电极时聚乙烯中的空间电荷分布。结果表明:随着导电炭黑质量份数的增加,EVA复合材料的电阻率下降,当炭黑质量份数达到32时,继续掺杂炭黑,复合材料电阻率不再减小;随着半导电屏蔽材料体积电阻率下降,聚乙烯中的空间电荷量先减少后增加。当炭黑质量份数为22时,聚乙烯中空间电荷量最少;炭黑质量份数大于27后,聚乙烯中空间电荷量快速增加。
In order to study the effect of volume resistivity of semi-conductive shielding materials on the space charge characteristics in HVDC cable insulation, conductive carbon black with different contents(represented by parts per hundreds of or resin) was added into ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) to prepare semi-conductive shielding materials with different volume resistivity. Using different resistivity shielding materials as electrodes, the space charge distribution in polyethylene was measured by the pulse electro-acoustic method. The results show that the volume resistivity of EVA composites decreases as the content of carbon black increases. When the content of carbon black reaches 32, the resistivity of composites will no longer decrease as the content of carbon black increases. The space charge density in polyethylene decreases first and then increases as the resistivity of the shielding material decreases. When the content of carbon black is 22, space charge in polyethylene is the minimum. When the content of carbon black is greater than 27,space charge in polyethylene increases rapidly.
In order to study the effect of volume resistivity of semi-conductive shielding materials on the space charge characteristics in HVDC cable insulation, conductive carbon black with different contents(represented by parts per hundreds of or resin) was added into ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) to prepare semi-conductive shielding materials with different volume resistivity. Using different resistivity shielding materials as electrodes, the space charge distribution in polyethylene was measured by the pulse electro-acoustic method. The results show that the volume resistivity of EVA composites decreases as the content of carbon black increases. When the content of carbon black reaches 32, the resistivity of composites will no longer decrease as the content of carbon black increases. The space charge density in polyethylene decreases first and then increases as the resistivity of the shielding material decreases. When the content of carbon black is 22, space charge in polyethylene is the minimum. When the content of carbon black is greater than 27,space charge in polyethylene increases rapidly.
引文
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[20]王霞,吴超一,何华琴,等.茂金属聚乙烯改性低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷机理的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):158-162.WANG Xia,WU Chaoyi,HE Huaqin,et al.Study on mechanism of space charge in low density polyethylene modified metallocene catalyzed polyethylene[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(7):158-162.
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[23]陈少卿,郑明波,王霞,等.电极材料对低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷的影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,17(5):105-108.CHEN Shaoqing,ZHENG Mingbo,WANG Xia,et al.Effects of electrode materials on space charge in low-density polyethylene[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,17(5):105-108.
[24]电线电缆电性能试验方法:GB/T 3048.3-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Test methods for electrical properties of electric cables and wires:GB/T 3048.3-2007[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2007.
[25]张冶文,牛奋英,安振连,等.导电炭黑填充EVA半导电电极对聚乙烯中空间电荷注入的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1904-1909.ZHANG Yewen,NIU Fenying,AN Zhenlian,et al.Space charge injection in LDPE by semi-conductive electrode with different carbon black filling rates[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1904-1909.
[26]刘文辉,吴建东,王俏华,等.纳米添加物的粒径对聚合物纳米复合电介质中空间电荷行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):61-66.LIU Wenhui,WU Jiandong,WANG Qiaohua,et al.Effect of nano additive size on the space charge behavior in nanocomposite polymer material[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):61-66.
[27]田付强,杨春,何丽娟,等.聚合物/无机纳米复合电介质介电性能及其机理最新研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):1-12.TIAN Fuqiang,YANG Chun,HE Lijuan,et al.Recent research advancement in dielectric properties and the corresponding mechanism of polymer/inorganic nanocomposite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):1-12.
[28]屠德民,王霞,吕泽鹏,等.以能带理论诠释直流聚乙烯绝缘中空间电荷的形成和抑制机理[J].物理学报,2012,61(1):1-7.TU Demin,WANG Xia,LüZepeng,et al.Formation and inhibition mechanism of space charges in direct current polyethylene insulation according to energy band theory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(1):1-7.
[29]SPEAR W E.Drift mobility techniques for the study of electrical transport properties in insulating solids[J].Journal of Non-crystalline Solids,1969,1(3):197-214.
[2]ZHAO N,LI S T,WANG X,et al.Effects of LDPE/nanofilled LDPEinterface on space charge formation[C]∥2013 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics.Bologna,Italy:IEEE,2013:944-947.
[3]何金良,党斌,周垚,等.挤压型高压直流电缆研究进展及关键技术述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1417-1429.HE Jinliang,DANG Bin,ZHOU Yao,et al.Reviews on research progress and technology in extruded cables for HVDC transmission[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1417-1429.
[4]HAMMER F,KUCHLER A.Insulating system for HVDC power apparatus[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1992,27(3):601-609.
[5]ZHANG Y W,LEWINER J,ALQUIE C.Evidence of strong correlation between space charge buildup and breakdown in cable insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1996,3(6):778-783.
[6]ABOUDAKKA M,BULINSKI A,BAMJI S.Space charge development and breakdown in XLPE under DC field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(1):41-48.
[7]王亚,吕泽鹏,吴锴,等.高压直流XLPE电缆研究现状[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(1):22-25.WANG Ya,LüZepeng,WU Kai,et al.Research status of HVDCXLPE cable[J].Insulation Material,2014,47(1):22-25.
[8]FABIANI D,MONTANARI G C,LAURENT C,et al.HVDC cable design and space charge accumulation part 3:effect of temperature gradient[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2008,24(2):5-14.
[9]CHOO W,CHEN G,SWINGLER S G.Electric field in polymeric cable due to space charge accumulation under dc and temperature gradient[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(2):596-606.
[10]操卫康,李喆,龚瑾,等.纳米颗粒填充浓度和表面处理对纳米MgO/PP空间电荷行为的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1495-1504.CAO Weikang,LI Zhe,GONG Jin,et al.Influence of nano-particle concentration and surface treatment on space charge behavior in nano-MgO/PP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1495-1504.
[11]KANEKO K,SEMI H,MIZUTANI T,et al.Charge transport and space charge formation in low density polyethylene[C]∥Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.Xi’an,China:IEEE,2000:71-74.
[12]HANLEY T,BURFORD R,FLEMING R,et al.A general review of polymeric insulation for use in HVDC cables[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(1):13-24.
[13]CHONG Y,CHEN G,HOSIER I,et al.Heat treatment of cross-linked polyethylene and its effect on morphology and space charge evolution[J].IEEE Transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(6):1209-1221.
[14]李喆,龚瑾,操卫康,等.聚丙烯绝缘材料电导特性与空间电荷研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1451-1457.LI Zhe,GONG Jin,CAO Weikang,et al.Research of conductive characteristics and space charge on polypropylene insulation material[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1451-1457.
[15]杜伯学,李忠磊,杨卓然,等.高压直流聚乙烯电缆应用与研究进展[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):344-354.DU Boxue,LI Zhonglei,YANG Zhuoran,et al.Application and research progress of HVDC XLPE cables[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):344-354.
[16]TANAKA Y,CHEN G,ZHAO Y,et al.Effect of additives on morphology and space charge accumulation in low density polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2003,10(1):148-154.
[17]王霞,王陈诚,朱有玉,等.高压直流塑料电缆绝缘用纳米改性交联聚乙烯中的空间电荷特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1069-1107.WANG Xia,WANG Chencheng,ZHU Youyu,et al.Space charge profiles in XLPE nano dielectrics used for HVDC plastic cable insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1069-1107.
[18]GAO C F,WANG Z,SUI H,et al.Research status of space charge in XLPE cable[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2010,26(8):29-33.
[19]王灿,王有元,凡朋,等.拉伸状态下LDPE/SiO2改性材料的空间电荷特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):1163-1170.WANG Can,WANG Youyuan,FAN Peng,et al.Study on space charge behavior in LDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites under tensile condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):1163-1170.
[20]王霞,吴超一,何华琴,等.茂金属聚乙烯改性低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷机理的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):158-162.WANG Xia,WU Chaoyi,HE Huaqin,et al.Study on mechanism of space charge in low density polyethylene modified metallocene catalyzed polyethylene[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(7):158-162.
[21]LEE W K.A study of electric stress enhancement.part 1.implication in power cable design[J].Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(6):976-982.
[22]肖春,宜华芸,张冶文.电极材料对聚乙烯中空间电荷注入影响的比较[J].材料科学与工程学报,2008,26(5):709-712.XIAO Chun,YI Huayun,ZHANG Yewen.Comparison on space charge injection in LDPE influenced by electrode material[J].Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2008,26(5):709-712.
[23]陈少卿,郑明波,王霞,等.电极材料对低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷的影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,17(5):105-108.CHEN Shaoqing,ZHENG Mingbo,WANG Xia,et al.Effects of electrode materials on space charge in low-density polyethylene[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,17(5):105-108.
[24]电线电缆电性能试验方法:GB/T 3048.3-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Test methods for electrical properties of electric cables and wires:GB/T 3048.3-2007[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2007.
[25]张冶文,牛奋英,安振连,等.导电炭黑填充EVA半导电电极对聚乙烯中空间电荷注入的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1904-1909.ZHANG Yewen,NIU Fenying,AN Zhenlian,et al.Space charge injection in LDPE by semi-conductive electrode with different carbon black filling rates[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1904-1909.
[26]刘文辉,吴建东,王俏华,等.纳米添加物的粒径对聚合物纳米复合电介质中空间电荷行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):61-66.LIU Wenhui,WU Jiandong,WANG Qiaohua,et al.Effect of nano additive size on the space charge behavior in nanocomposite polymer material[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):61-66.
[27]田付强,杨春,何丽娟,等.聚合物/无机纳米复合电介质介电性能及其机理最新研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):1-12.TIAN Fuqiang,YANG Chun,HE Lijuan,et al.Recent research advancement in dielectric properties and the corresponding mechanism of polymer/inorganic nanocomposite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):1-12.
[28]屠德民,王霞,吕泽鹏,等.以能带理论诠释直流聚乙烯绝缘中空间电荷的形成和抑制机理[J].物理学报,2012,61(1):1-7.TU Demin,WANG Xia,LüZepeng,et al.Formation and inhibition mechanism of space charges in direct current polyethylene insulation according to energy band theory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(1):1-7.
[29]SPEAR W E.Drift mobility techniques for the study of electrical transport properties in insulating solids[J].Journal of Non-crystalline Solids,1969,1(3):197-214.