深切峡谷桥址区高空风特性现场实测研究
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摘要
架设在深切峡谷中的大跨度桥梁,由于桥址区地形地貌复杂,桥面离开谷底较高,桥址区的风特性一般无法通过抗风规范直接确定.为确定深切峡谷桥址区高空的风特性,利用大桥施工过程中的猫道,在大桥跨中位置处布置了一套三维超声风速仪,对桥址区高空中的风特性进行了现场实测,获得了7 899条有效的脉动风速时程,以此为基础对桥址区高空的风特性(平均风速、风向、风攻角、紊流度、紊流积分尺度、功率谱)进行了分析.研究结果表明:深切峡谷桥址区高空风特性受地形的影响已经明显减弱,其风攻角均值趋于0,同时高空的紊流积分尺度更加接近平原地区,紊流积分尺度均值比规范推荐值要大.
Long-span bridges built in deep gorges are usually inaccessible and it is difficult to obtain wind characteristics of these bridge sites from the wind-resistant design code owing to the complex terrain and the great gap between the deck and the valley bottom. To confirm the high-altitude wind characteristics of a bridge site in a deep gorge,field measurements of such properties were conducted using 3D sonic anemometers located in the mid-span and arranged on the catwalk during the construction process. A total of 7 899 valid fluctuating wind speed time series were obtained. On the basis of this data,the high-altitude wind characteristics of the bridge site were studied,including the average wind speed velocity,wind direction,wind attack angle,turbulence intensity,turbulence integral,and power spectrum densities. The results show that the impact of the landscape on the highaltitude wind characteristics of the bridge site in the deep gorge weakened substantially,while the wind attack angle tends to 0. Simultaneously,the turbulence integral at high altitude is more characteristic of that in plain regions,where the mean value is greater than that recommended by the wind-resistant design code.
Long-span bridges built in deep gorges are usually inaccessible and it is difficult to obtain wind characteristics of these bridge sites from the wind-resistant design code owing to the complex terrain and the great gap between the deck and the valley bottom. To confirm the high-altitude wind characteristics of a bridge site in a deep gorge,field measurements of such properties were conducted using 3D sonic anemometers located in the mid-span and arranged on the catwalk during the construction process. A total of 7 899 valid fluctuating wind speed time series were obtained. On the basis of this data,the high-altitude wind characteristics of the bridge site were studied,including the average wind speed velocity,wind direction,wind attack angle,turbulence intensity,turbulence integral,and power spectrum densities. The results show that the impact of the landscape on the highaltitude wind characteristics of the bridge site in the deep gorge weakened substantially,while the wind attack angle tends to 0. Simultaneously,the turbulence integral at high altitude is more characteristic of that in plain regions,where the mean value is greater than that recommended by the wind-resistant design code.
引文
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[15]李永乐,张明金,徐昕宇,等.高海拔高温差深切峡谷桥址区日常大风成因[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(6):935-941.LI Yongle,ZHANG Mingjin,XU Xinyu,et al.Cause analysis of daily strong wind on bridge site in deep gorge with high altitude and high temperature difference[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(6):935-941.
[2]余锦华,傅抱璞.山谷地形对盛行气流影响的数值模拟[J].气象学报,1995,53(1):50-61.YU Jinhua,FU Baopu.Numerical simulation of the airflow over and in valley terrain[J].ACTA Meteorological Sinica,1995,53(1):50-61.
[3]徐大海.大气边界层内风的若干特性及其应用[J].空气动力学学报,1984,2(3):75-87.XU Dahai.Wind characteristics in the planetary boundary layer and applications[J].Academy of Meteorological Science,1984,2(3):75-87.
[4]宋丽莉,吴战平,秦鹏,等.复杂山地近地层强风特性分析[J].气象学报,2009,67(3):452-460.SONG Lili,WU Zhanping,QIN Peng,et al.An analysis of the characteristics of strong winds in the surface layer over a complex terrain[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2009,67(3):452-460.
[5]朱乐东,任鹏杰,陈伟,等.坝陵河大桥桥位深切峡谷风剖面实测研究[J].实验流体力学,2011,25(4):15-21.ZHU Ledong,REN Pengjie,CHEN Wei,et al.Investigation on wind profiles in the deep gorge at the Balinghe bridge site via field measurement[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2011,25(4):15-21.
[6]沈炼,韩艳,蔡春声,等.山区峡谷桥址处风场实测与数值模拟研究[J].湖南大学学报,2016,43(4):16-24.SHEN Lian,HAN Yan,CAI Chunsheng,et al.Experiment and numerical simulation for wind field of a long-span suspension bridge located in mountaious canyon[J].Journal of Hunan University,2016,43(4):16-24.
[7]刘明,廖海黎,李明水,等.西堠门大桥桥址处风场特性研究[J].铁道建筑,2010(5):18-21.LIU Ming,LIAO Haili,LI Mingshui,et al.Wind characteristics of Xihoumen bridge based on monitored data[J].Railway Engineering,2010(5):18-21.
[8]张明金,李永乐,余显全,等.桥塔上风传感器安装位置对测量结果的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(4):617-622.ZHANG Mingjin,LI Yongle,YU Xianquan,et al.Installation position of wind sensor on the bridge tower in deep gorge Site[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(4):617-622.
[9]张明金,李永乐,唐浩俊,等.高海拔高温差深切峡谷桥址区风特性现场实测[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(3):60-65.ZHANG Mingjin,LI Yongle,TANG Haojun,et al.Field measurement of wind characteristics a bridge site in deep gorge with high altitude and high temperature difference[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2015,28(3):60-65.
[10]HU P,LI Y L,HUANG G Q,et al.The appropriate shape of the boundary transition section for a mountaingorge terrain model in a wind tunnel test[J].Wind and Structures,2015,20(1):15-35.
[11]黄国庆,彭留留,廖海黎,等.普立特大桥桥位处山区风特性实测研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(2):349-356.HUANG Guoqing,PENG Liuliu,LIAO Haili,et al.Field measurement study on wind characteristics at Puli great bridge site in mountainous area[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(2):349-356.
[12]SU Y,HUANG G,XU Y.Derivation of time-varyingmean for nonstationary downburst winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2015,141:39-48.
[13]何旭辉,史康,邹云峰,等.南广铁路西江大桥桥位处良态风特性实测研究[J].世界桥梁,2016,44(4):44-49.HE Xuhui,SHI Kang,ZOU Yunfeng,et al.Study of characteristics of Well-Behaved winds measured an bridge site of Xijiang river bridge on NanningGuangzhou high-speed railway[J].World Bridges,2016,44(4):44-49.
[14]谭波,赵志军.林芝机场地面大风特征分析及其对飞行的影响[J].资源开发与市场,2010,26(12):1071-1073.TAN Bo,ZHAO Zhijun.Effects of wind on flight in Linzhi airport[J].Resource Development&Market,2010,26(12):1071-1073.
[15]李永乐,张明金,徐昕宇,等.高海拔高温差深切峡谷桥址区日常大风成因[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(6):935-941.LI Yongle,ZHANG Mingjin,XU Xinyu,et al.Cause analysis of daily strong wind on bridge site in deep gorge with high altitude and high temperature difference[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(6):935-941.