柴油车尾气排放PM2.5氧化消除催化剂的设计、制备与催化作用
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摘要
柴油机尾气中的炭烟颗粒(PM2.5)已经引起了严重的环境污染问题,作为控制柴油车尾气中炭烟颗粒使用最有效和最经济的技术手段—催化净化技术成为当前研究的热点,而开发高效的催化剂是催化净化技术中最活跃、最重要的因素.本文总结了近年来柴油炭烟燃烧催化剂的最新研究进展,重点介绍了本研究组近年来在柴油炭烟氧化催化剂的设计、制备和催化作用机理方面的研究结果和进展,主要包括:低共熔点催化剂、纳米催化剂、三维有序大孔催化剂及三维有序大孔氧化物担载贵金属催化剂的最新研究进展,并报道了上述催化剂对炭烟燃烧的反应机理.最后,总结性地提出了目前炭烟催化燃烧中存在的主要问题和发展方向.
The soot particles(PM2.5) in the exhaust gases emitted from diesel engines have led to serious environmental pollution problems. As one of the most efficient technologies for the treatment of soot particles from diesel engines, the catalytic purification technology has become a research hotspot now. However, development of efficient catalysts is the most active and important factor for catalytic purification technology. In this paper, the latest research progress of catalysts for the combustion of soot particles in diesel exhaust gases was summarized. The research results and progress(especially in our group) about design, preparation and catalysis mechanism of catalysts were mainly introduced, including low eutectic melting point catalysts, nano-catalysts, three-dimensional ordered macroporous(3DOM) catalysts and 3DOM metal oxide-supported noble metal catalysts. And the possible reaction mechanisms of soot combustion were reported. At last, some main problems and potential application prospects for soot combustion were also put forward.
The soot particles(PM2.5) in the exhaust gases emitted from diesel engines have led to serious environmental pollution problems. As one of the most efficient technologies for the treatment of soot particles from diesel engines, the catalytic purification technology has become a research hotspot now. However, development of efficient catalysts is the most active and important factor for catalytic purification technology. In this paper, the latest research progress of catalysts for the combustion of soot particles in diesel exhaust gases was summarized. The research results and progress(especially in our group) about design, preparation and catalysis mechanism of catalysts were mainly introduced, including low eutectic melting point catalysts, nano-catalysts, three-dimensional ordered macroporous(3DOM) catalysts and 3DOM metal oxide-supported noble metal catalysts. And the possible reaction mechanisms of soot combustion were reported. At last, some main problems and potential application prospects for soot combustion were also put forward.
引文
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3 Maricq MM.Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines:a review.Aerosol Science,2007,38:1079–1118
4 Puxbaum H,Gomiscek B,Kalina M,Bauer H,Salam A,Stopper S,Preining O,Hauck H.A dual site study of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol chemistry in the larger region of Vienna,Austria.Atmos Environ,2004,38:3949–3958
5 赵震,张桂臻,刘坚,梁鹏,许洁,段爱军,姜桂元,徐春明.柴油机尾气净化催化剂的最新研究进展.催化学报,2008,29:303–312
6 Kim DH,Kang JS,Lee YJ,Park NK,Kim YC,Hong SI,Moon DJ.Steam reforming of n-hexadecane over noble metal-modified Ni-based catalysts.Catal Today,2008,136:228–234
7 Twigg MV.Progress and future challenges in controlling automotive exhaust gas emissions.Appl Catal B:Environ,2007,70:2–15
8 张桂臻,韩丽艳,赵震,刘坚,段爱军,姜桂元.柴油车尾气四效催化净化技术研究进展.现代化工,2008,28:35–38
9 Alfredo C,Ileana DL,Esther NP,Ponzia MI.Combustion of soot with a O2/NO mixture KNO3/Zr O2 catalysts.Catal Commun,2003,4:124 –128
10 Liu J,Zhao Z,Xu CM,Duan AJ,Zhu L,Wang XZ.Diesel soot oxidation over supported vanadium oxide and K-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts.Appl Catal B:Environ,2005,61:36–46
11 Liu J,Zhao Z,Xu CM,Duan AJ,Zhu L,Wang XZ.The structures of VOx/MOx and alkali-VOx/MOx catalysts and their catalytic performances for soot combustion.Catal Today,2006,118:315–322
12 Liu J,Zhao Z,Liang P,Xu CM,Duan AJ,Jiang GY.Ce O2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts for soot oxidation:the roles of molecular structure and nanometer effect.J Rare Earths,2010,28:198–204
13 Zhao Z,Liu J,Duan AJ,Xu CM,Kobayashi T,Wachs IE.Effects of alkali metal cations on the structures,physico-chemical properties and catalytic behaviors of silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts for the selective oxidation of ethane and the complete oxidation of diesel soot.Top Catal,2006,38:309–325
14 Liu J,Zhao Z,Liang P,Xu CM,Duan AJ,Jiang GY,Lin WY,Wachs IE.Study on the reaction mechanism for soot oxidation over Ti O2 or Zr O2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts by means of in-situ UV-Raman.Catal Lett,2008,120:148–153
15 刘坚,赵震,徐春明,段爱军,姜桂元,高金森,Lin WY,Wachs IE.Ti O2和Zr O2担载的钒氧化物对柴油炭黑催化燃烧的原位紫外激光拉曼光谱研究.中国科学B辑:化学,2008,38:238–247
16 Zhang ZL,Zhang YX,Wang ZP,Gao XY.Catalytic performance and mechanism of potassium-supported Mg-Al hydrotalcite mixed oxides for soot combustion with O2.J Catal,2010,271:12–21
17 Zhang ZL,Zhang YX,Su QY,Wang ZP,Li Q,Gao XY.Determination of intermediates and mechanism for soot combustion with NOx/O2on potassium-supported Mg-Al hydrotalcite mixed oxides by in situ FTIR.Environ Sci Technol,2010,44:8254–8258
18 Li Q,Wang X,Xin Y,Zhang ZL,Zhang YX,Hao C,Meng M,Zheng LR,Zheng L.A unified intermediate and mechanism for soot combustion on potassium-supported oxides.Sci Rep,2014,4:4725
19 Gálvez ME,Ascaso S,Stelmachowslci P,Legutlco P,Kotarba A,Moliner R,Lázaro MJ.Influence of the surface potassium species in Fe-K/A12O3 catalysts on the soot oxidation activity in the presence of NOx.Appl Catal B:Environ,2014,152–153:88–98
20 Su CS,Mc Ginn PJ.The effect of Ca2+and Al3+additions on the stability of potassium disilicate glass as a soot oxidation catalyst.Appl Catal B:Environ,2013,138–139:70–78
21 Su CS,Mc Ginn PJ.Application of glass soot catalysts on metal supports to achieve low soot oxidation temperature.Catal Commun,2014,43 :1–5
22朱静.纳米材料和器件.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
23 吴越.催化化学.北京:科学出版社,1990
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