基于支持向量机的地震体波震相自动识别及到时自动拾取
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摘要
面对海量地震资料,自动准确地拾取震相并确定其到时的需求非常迫切.基于支持向量机技术,本文提出了使用两个分类器SSD和SPS自动识别地震体波震相并自动拾取其到时的方法.相比于传统的自动拾取方法,本文方法能够更准确地识别震相并区分P波和S波.进一步地,我们提出了利用台阵资料辅助识别震相的方案,有效地提高了地震震相拾取的准确率.
Facing massive seismic data,it is urgent to automatically detect earthquakes and determine their arrival times accurately.Based on the support vector machine technology,we developed a method by using two classifiers SSD and SPS to automatically identify seismic body-wave phases and automatically determine their arrival times.Compared with the traditional automatic phasepicking methods,our method can more accurately identify both the seismic phases from noises,and the S phases from P phases.Moreover,we employ the array strategy to further effectively improve the accuracy of phase-detection.
Facing massive seismic data,it is urgent to automatically detect earthquakes and determine their arrival times accurately.Based on the support vector machine technology,we developed a method by using two classifiers SSD and SPS to automatically identify seismic body-wave phases and automatically determine their arrival times.Compared with the traditional automatic phasepicking methods,our method can more accurately identify both the seismic phases from noises,and the S phases from P phases.Moreover,we employ the array strategy to further effectively improve the accuracy of phase-detection.
引文
Allen R V.1978.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,68(5):1521-1532.
Bahlmann C,Haasdonk B,Burkhardt H.2002.Online handwriting recognition with support vector machines-a kernel approach.∥Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.Niagara on the Lake,Ontario,Canada:IEEE,49-54.
Bai C Y,Kennett B L.2000.Automatic phase-detection and identification by full use of a single three-component broadband seismogram.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(1):187-198.
Batta P,Singh M,Li Z D,et al.2018.Evaluation of support vector machine kernels for detecting network anomalies.∥2018IEEEInternational Symposium on Circuits and Systems.Florence,Italy:IEEE,1-4.
Chang X,Liu Y K.1998.Distinguishing seismic first break by means of hausdorff fractal dimension.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),41(6):826-832.
Chen C,Holland A A.2016.PhasePApy:A robust pure Python package for automatic identification of seismic phases.Seismological Research Letters,87(6):1384-1396.
Cichowicz A.1993.An automatic S-phase picker.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,83(1):180-189.
Cristianini N,Shawe-Taylor J.2005.An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and other Kernel-Based Learning Methods.Beijing:China Machine Press,93-124.
Crotwell H P,Owens T J,Ritsema J.1999.The TauP toolkit:Flexible seismic travel-time and ray-path utilities.Seismological Research Letters,70(2):154-160.
Ding S F,Qi B J,Tang H Y.2011.An overview on theory and algorithm of support vector machines.Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(in Chinese),40(1):2-10.
Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.1981.Preliminary reference Earth model.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,25(4):297-356.
Fu J D,Chen L,Kang S H,et al.2016.Transformer fault diagnosis based on dragonfly optimization algorithm and support vector machine.Journal of East China Jiaotong University(in Chinese),33(4):103-112.
Gibbs M N,Mackay D J C.2000.Variational Gaussian process classifiers.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,11(6):1458-1464.
Jurkevics A.1988.Polarization analysis of three-component array data.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(5):1725-1743.
Kissling E,Ellsworth W L,Eberhart-Phillips D,et al.1994.Initial reference models in local earthquake tomography.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B10):19635-19646.
Leonard M,Kennett B L N.1999.Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,113(1-4):247-263.
Li Q Z.1996.How to correctly use fractal and fractal-dimension techniques?.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1):136-163.
Liu X Q,Zhou Y W,Qu J H,et al.2009.Real-time detection of regional events and automatic P-phase identification from the vertical component of a single station record.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),31(3):260-271.
Pasyanos M E,Masters T G,Laske G,et al.2014.LITHO1.0:An updated crust and lithospheric model of the Earth.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(3):2153-2173.
Peng Z G,Zhao P.2009.Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004Parkfield earthquake.Nature Geoscience,2(12):877-881.
Perol T,Gharbi M,Denolle M.2018.Convolutional neural network for earthquake detection and location.Science Advances,4(2):e1700578.
Platt J C.1999.Sequential minimal optimization:A fast algorithm for training support vector machines.∥Advances in Kernel Methods-Support Vector Learning.Cambridge:MIT Press,185-208.
Saragiotis C D,Hadjileontiadis L J,Rekanos I T,et al.2004.Automatic P phase picking using maximum kurtosis and/spl kappa/-statistics criteria.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,1(3):147-151.
Sleeman R,Van Eck T.1999.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An on-line implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,113(1-4):265-275.
Wang C X.2014.Automatic onset time picking algorithms for multiple seismic arrivals[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Chang′an University.
Wang J,Teng T L.1997.Identification and picking of S phase using an artificial neural network.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,87(5):1140-1149.
Wang W J,Meng X F,Peng Z G,et al.2015.Increasing background seismicity and dynamic triggering behaviors with nearby mining activities around Fangshan Pluton in Beijing,China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(8):5624-5638.
Wu M Y,Mao S J,Ning J Y,et al.2018.Fault structure detection by matched filter technique.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(in Chinese),54(4):730-738.
Yin D Y.2012.Automatic P-wave arrival time detection and realtime magnitude estimation for earthquake early warning[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics.
Zeng F Y,Li M F,Shen W.2002.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break.Geoscience(in Chinese),16(2):209-213.
Zhang S Y,Wu K Y,Huang Y Z,et al.2017.Fall detection algorithm based on SVM_KNN.Computer and Modernization(in Chinese),(12):49-55.
Zhu L P,Rivera L.2002.A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media.Geophysical Journal International,148(3):619-627.
常旭,刘伊克.1998.Hausdorff分数维识别地震道初至走时.地球物理学报,41(6):826-832.
丁世飞,齐丙娟,谭红艳.2011.支持向量机理论与算法研究综述.电子科技大学学报,40(1):2-10.
傅军栋,陈俐,康水华等.2016.基于蜻蜓算法和支持向量机的变压器故障诊断.华东交通大学学报,33(4):103-112.
李庆忠.1996.怎样正确对待分形、分维技术?.石油地球物理勘探,31(1):136-163.
刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩等.2009.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别.地震学报,31(3):260-271.
王彩霞.2014.多震相初至自动检测识别方法技术[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
吴梦羽,毛淑娟,宁杰远等.2018.基于模板识别方法探测断层结构.北京大学学报(自然科学版),54(4):730-738.
尹得余.2012.P波震相自动捡拾与地震预警震级实时测定技术研究[硕士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
曾富英,李敏锋,申维.2002.地震波初至拾取的分形研究.现代地质,16(2):209-213.
张舒雅,吴科艳,黄炎子等.2017.基于SVM_KNN的老人跌倒检测算法.计算机与现代化,(12):49-55.
Bahlmann C,Haasdonk B,Burkhardt H.2002.Online handwriting recognition with support vector machines-a kernel approach.∥Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.Niagara on the Lake,Ontario,Canada:IEEE,49-54.
Bai C Y,Kennett B L.2000.Automatic phase-detection and identification by full use of a single three-component broadband seismogram.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(1):187-198.
Batta P,Singh M,Li Z D,et al.2018.Evaluation of support vector machine kernels for detecting network anomalies.∥2018IEEEInternational Symposium on Circuits and Systems.Florence,Italy:IEEE,1-4.
Chang X,Liu Y K.1998.Distinguishing seismic first break by means of hausdorff fractal dimension.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),41(6):826-832.
Chen C,Holland A A.2016.PhasePApy:A robust pure Python package for automatic identification of seismic phases.Seismological Research Letters,87(6):1384-1396.
Cichowicz A.1993.An automatic S-phase picker.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,83(1):180-189.
Cristianini N,Shawe-Taylor J.2005.An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and other Kernel-Based Learning Methods.Beijing:China Machine Press,93-124.
Crotwell H P,Owens T J,Ritsema J.1999.The TauP toolkit:Flexible seismic travel-time and ray-path utilities.Seismological Research Letters,70(2):154-160.
Ding S F,Qi B J,Tang H Y.2011.An overview on theory and algorithm of support vector machines.Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(in Chinese),40(1):2-10.
Dziewonski A M,Anderson D L.1981.Preliminary reference Earth model.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,25(4):297-356.
Fu J D,Chen L,Kang S H,et al.2016.Transformer fault diagnosis based on dragonfly optimization algorithm and support vector machine.Journal of East China Jiaotong University(in Chinese),33(4):103-112.
Gibbs M N,Mackay D J C.2000.Variational Gaussian process classifiers.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,11(6):1458-1464.
Jurkevics A.1988.Polarization analysis of three-component array data.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(5):1725-1743.
Kissling E,Ellsworth W L,Eberhart-Phillips D,et al.1994.Initial reference models in local earthquake tomography.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B10):19635-19646.
Leonard M,Kennett B L N.1999.Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,113(1-4):247-263.
Li Q Z.1996.How to correctly use fractal and fractal-dimension techniques?.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),31(1):136-163.
Liu X Q,Zhou Y W,Qu J H,et al.2009.Real-time detection of regional events and automatic P-phase identification from the vertical component of a single station record.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),31(3):260-271.
Pasyanos M E,Masters T G,Laske G,et al.2014.LITHO1.0:An updated crust and lithospheric model of the Earth.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(3):2153-2173.
Peng Z G,Zhao P.2009.Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004Parkfield earthquake.Nature Geoscience,2(12):877-881.
Perol T,Gharbi M,Denolle M.2018.Convolutional neural network for earthquake detection and location.Science Advances,4(2):e1700578.
Platt J C.1999.Sequential minimal optimization:A fast algorithm for training support vector machines.∥Advances in Kernel Methods-Support Vector Learning.Cambridge:MIT Press,185-208.
Saragiotis C D,Hadjileontiadis L J,Rekanos I T,et al.2004.Automatic P phase picking using maximum kurtosis and/spl kappa/-statistics criteria.IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,1(3):147-151.
Sleeman R,Van Eck T.1999.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An on-line implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,113(1-4):265-275.
Wang C X.2014.Automatic onset time picking algorithms for multiple seismic arrivals[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Chang′an University.
Wang J,Teng T L.1997.Identification and picking of S phase using an artificial neural network.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,87(5):1140-1149.
Wang W J,Meng X F,Peng Z G,et al.2015.Increasing background seismicity and dynamic triggering behaviors with nearby mining activities around Fangshan Pluton in Beijing,China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(8):5624-5638.
Wu M Y,Mao S J,Ning J Y,et al.2018.Fault structure detection by matched filter technique.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(in Chinese),54(4):730-738.
Yin D Y.2012.Automatic P-wave arrival time detection and realtime magnitude estimation for earthquake early warning[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics.
Zeng F Y,Li M F,Shen W.2002.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break.Geoscience(in Chinese),16(2):209-213.
Zhang S Y,Wu K Y,Huang Y Z,et al.2017.Fall detection algorithm based on SVM_KNN.Computer and Modernization(in Chinese),(12):49-55.
Zhu L P,Rivera L.2002.A note on the dynamic and static displacements from a point source in multilayered media.Geophysical Journal International,148(3):619-627.
常旭,刘伊克.1998.Hausdorff分数维识别地震道初至走时.地球物理学报,41(6):826-832.
丁世飞,齐丙娟,谭红艳.2011.支持向量机理论与算法研究综述.电子科技大学学报,40(1):2-10.
傅军栋,陈俐,康水华等.2016.基于蜻蜓算法和支持向量机的变压器故障诊断.华东交通大学学报,33(4):103-112.
李庆忠.1996.怎样正确对待分形、分维技术?.石油地球物理勘探,31(1):136-163.
刘希强,周彦文,曲均浩等.2009.应用单台垂向记录进行区域地震事件实时检测和直达P波初动自动识别.地震学报,31(3):260-271.
王彩霞.2014.多震相初至自动检测识别方法技术[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
吴梦羽,毛淑娟,宁杰远等.2018.基于模板识别方法探测断层结构.北京大学学报(自然科学版),54(4):730-738.
尹得余.2012.P波震相自动捡拾与地震预警震级实时测定技术研究[硕士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
曾富英,李敏锋,申维.2002.地震波初至拾取的分形研究.现代地质,16(2):209-213.
张舒雅,吴科艳,黄炎子等.2017.基于SVM_KNN的老人跌倒检测算法.计算机与现代化,(12):49-55.
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