不同寄主竹种上竹瘿广肩小蜂生物学特性研究
摘要
【目的】研究竹瘿广肩小蜂Aiolomorphus rhopaloides Walker在业平竹、早竹和毛竹寄主上的生物学特性。【方法】采用虫瘿昆虫的室内饲养法获取3种不同寄主来源的竹瘿广肩小蜂成虫;采用形态学结合分子生物学的方法进行物种鉴定;通过称重、游标卡尺测量、显微解剖和计数等方法测定虫瘿的大小、竹瘿广肩小蜂成虫的体重、性比、寿命、卵巢管数量、初始卵量和卵的大小。【结果】竹瘿广肩小蜂在业平竹、早竹和毛竹上形成两端略细的圆柱体型的单室虫瘿,业平竹虫瘿最大(118.09±28.32)mm~3,早竹虫瘿次之(108.92±28.34)mm~3,毛竹虫瘿最小(67.38±15.44)mm~3。竹瘿广肩小蜂在业平竹和早竹上的羽化出孔时间早于毛竹。羽化出孔的竹瘿广肩小蜂成虫的雌雄性比分别为业平竹1.79:1、早竹1.94:1和毛竹0.82:1。业平竹寄主来源的竹瘿广肩小蜂雌成虫具有最大的体重(7.90±0.83)mg/头、最多的初始卵量(119.4±13.69)粒/头和最大的卵体大小(长(545.36±30.74)μm,宽(137.27±12.20)μm)。早竹寄主来源的竹瘿广肩小蜂雌成虫的体重(6.06±0.76)mg/头显著高于毛竹寄主来源(4.25±0.89)mg/头(P<0.05),但两种寄主来源竹瘿广肩小蜂雌成虫的初始卵量和卵的大小差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】竹瘿广肩小蜂属于早熟卵型小蜂,该虫在业平竹、早竹和毛竹寄主上的生物学特性差异显著。
[Objectives] To elucidate the biological characteristics of Aiolomorphus rhopaloides Walker on Semiarundinaria fastuosa, Phyllostachys praecox, and Phyllostachys edulis. [Methods] Three adult populations of A. rhopaloides were obtained by laboratory rearing of gall insects. Species identification was based on a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Gall size, adult weight, sex ratio, longevity, initial egg load, number of ovarioles and egg size, were determined by weighing, measuring with vernier calipers, microscopic examination and counting. [Results] Cylindrical,single chamber galls were formed on S. fastuosa, Ph. praecox, and Ph. edulis. The size of galls on different host plants could be ranked in descending order as follows; S. fastuosa(118.09±28.32) mm~3 > Ph. praecox(108.92±28.34) mm~3 > Ph. edulis(67.38±15.44) mm~3. Adults emerged earlier on S. fastuosa and Ph. praecox than on Ph. edulis. The adult female/male ratio on S. fastuosa, Ph. praecox, and Ph. edulis was 1.791, 1.94:1 and 0.82:1, respectively. Adult females on S. fastuosa were heavier(7.90±0.83) mg/adult, had the most initial egg load(119.4±13.69) eggs/adult and the largest egg size(length(545.36±30.74) μm, width(137.27±12.20) μm. The weight of adult females on Ph. praecox was significantly higher than that of those on Ph. edulis(P<0.05) but there was no significant difference in initial egg load and egg size between these host plants(P>0.05). [Conclusion] A. rhopaloides is a pro-ovigenic chalcidoid and adult female size, initial egg load and egg size varies significantly among the host plants S. fastuosa, Ph. praecox, and Ph. edulis.
引文
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