Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

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• 作者：Fang Peng^a ; Qiaofeng Tao^b ; Xiumei Wu^a ; Hui Dou^b ; Shawn Spencer^c ; Chaoyong Mang^a ; Lu Xu^a ; Lianli Sun^b ; Yu Zhao^a ; ^{dryuzhao@126.com} ; Haibo Li^a ; ^b ; Su Zeng^b ; ^{zengsu@zju.edu.cn} ; Guangming Liu^a ; Xiaojiang Hao^d
• 关键词：AD ; Alzheimer's disease ; DEAD ; diethyl azodicarboxylate ; DNPH ; dinitrophenylhydrazine ; DPPH ; 1 ; 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ; EDTA-2Na ; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt ; ESIMS ; electro spray ionization mass spectrum ; H2O2 ; hydrogen peroxide
• 刊名：Fitoterapia
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：35_0367326x
• 类别：ch
• 出版时间：April, 2012
• 卷：83
• 期：3
• 页码：568-585
• 文件大小：3863 K

摘要

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone-dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 渭M. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.