Fertilization can modify the non-target effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities

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• 作者：Borja Muñ ; oz-Leoz^a ; ^{borja.munoz@ehu.es} ; Carlos Garbisu^b ; ^{cgarbisu@neiker.net} ; Iñ ; aki Antigü ; edad^c ; ^{inaki.antiguedad@ehu.es} ; Estilita Ruiz-Romera^a ; ^{estilita.ruiz@ehu.es}
• 关键词：Denitrification ; Fertilizers ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Soil enzymes ; Soil health
• 刊名：Soil Biology & Biochemistry
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：96_00380717
• 类别：abs
• 出版时间：May, 2012
• 卷：48
• 期：Complete
• 页码：125-134
• 文件大小：1037 K

摘要

A three-month mesocosm experiment was performed to unravel interactions between pesticides (difenoconazole: fungicide, deltamethrin: insecticide, ethofumesate: herbicide) and fertilizers (NPK synthetic fertilizer, compost) regarding the potential non-target effects of pesticides on soil microbial communities. To this aim, pesticides and fertilizers were applied to soil at a rate of 5聽mg active ingredient kg^鈭?聽DW聽soil and 185聽mg聽N聽kg^鈭? DW soil, respectively. Soil sampling was done after 0, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation in order to determine pesticide degradation rates and microbial properties: enzyme activities, basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, potentially mineralizable N, nitrification rate and denitrification potential. By the end of the incubation, difenoconazole, deltamethrin and ethofumesate in non-fertilized soils were degraded by 52, 85 and 93%, with half-lives of 86, 36 and 29 days, respectively. Compost application had a stimulatory effect on difenoconazole and deltamethrin degradation. NPK fertilization led to a 26%increase in ethofumesate half-life in soil. Difenoconazole and deltamethrin caused a short-term inhibitory effect on microbial activity in non-fertilized soils, but not in fertilized soils. A short-term antagonistic effect between NPK fertilization and deltamethrin or ethofumesate presence was found regarding their inhibitory effect on potentially mineralizable N. In compost-fertilized soils, pesticides (especially, ethofumesate) counteracted the stimulatory effect of compost on denitrification potential. Pesticides caused a slight negative effect on the capacity of soils to recycle nutrients that was counteracted at day 90 by the addition of compost, as reflected by the values of the treated-soil quality index. We concluded that fertilizers can modify both pesticide degradation rates and their non-target effects on soil microbial communities.