Summer circulation structure and formation mechanism in the Beibu Gulf

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：JingSong Gao (1)
  Bo Chen (1)
  MaoChong Shi (2)
  
  1. Guangxi Academy of Sciences ; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science ; Nanning ; 530007 ; China
  2. College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography ; Ocean University of China ; Qingdao ; 266003 ; China
  
• 关键词：Beibu Gulf ; summer circulation ; numerical model (POM) ; mechanism
• 刊名：Science China Earth Sciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：58
• 期：2
• 页码：286-299
• 全文大小：2,267 KB
• 参考文献：1. Blumberg A F, Mellor G L. 1987. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model, in Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. Coastal Estuarine Stud, 4: 1鈥?6 CrossRef
  2. Chen Z Z, Hu J Y, Sun Z Y, et al. 2009. Distributions of temperature, salinity characteristics in the eastern Beibu Gulf in July and August of 2006 (in Chinese). The Essay Collection of the Researches on the Ocean Science in the Gulf of Tonkin-PT I. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 79鈥?7
  3. Crosby D S, Breaker L C, Gemmill W H. 1993. A proposed definition for vector correlation in geophysics: Theory and applications. J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 10: 355鈥?67 CrossRef
  4. Durski, S M, Glenn S M, Haidvogel D B. 2004. Vertical mixing scheme in the coastal ocean: Comparison of the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada scheme with an enhanced version of the K-Profile parameterization. J Geophys Res, 109: C01015
  5. Flather R A. 1976. A tidal model of the northwest European continental shelf. Mem Soc Roy Sci Liege, 6: 141鈥?64
  6. Gan J P, Li L, Wang D, et al. 2009. Interaction of a river plume with coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea. Cont Shelf Res, 29: 728鈥?40 CrossRef
  7. Gao J S, Xue H J, Chai F, et al. 2013. Modeling the circulation in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea. Ocean Dynam, 63: 979鈥?93 CrossRef
  8. Guo Z X, Wang W Z. 1983. Numerical simulation of wind-induced current in Beibu Gulf (in Chinese). Tropical Oceanol, 2: 207鈥?15
  9. Hu J Y, Kawamura H, Tang D L. 2003. Tidal front around the Hainan Island, northwest of the South China Sea. J Geophys Res, 108: C113342
  10. Huang Z D, Hu J Y, Sun Z Y. 2009. Distributions of temperature, salinity and density in the eastern Beibu Gulf in spring 2007 (in Chinese). The Essay Collection of the Researches on the Ocean Science in the Gulf of Tonkin-PT II. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 92鈥?9
  11. Liu F S, Yu T C. 1980. Preliminary study on the oceanic circulation in Beibu Bay (in Chinese). Trans Oceanol Limnol, 1: 9鈥?5
  12. Lu X G, Qiao F L, Wang G S, et al. 2008. Upwelling off the west coast of Hainan Island in summer: Its detection and mechanisms. Geophys Res Lett, 35: L02604
  13. Manh D V, Yanagi T. 2000. A study on the residual flow in the Gulf of Tonkin. J Oceanogr, 56: 59鈥?8 CrossRef
  14. Mellor G L, Yamada T. 1982. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev Geophys Space Phys, 20: 851鈥?75 CrossRef
  15. Shi M C, Chen C S, Xu Q, et al. 2002. The role of Qiongzhou Strait in the seasonal variation of the South China Sea circulation. J Phys Oceanogr, 32: 103鈥?21 CrossRef
  16. State Science and Technology Commission. 1964. China-Vietnam Joint Beibu Gulf Comprehensive Survey Report
  17. Su J L, Yuan Y L. 2005. Hydrography of China Seas (in Chinese). Beijing: China Ocean Press. 367
  18. Sun H L, Huang W M, Zhao J S. 2001. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of tide-induced,wind-driven and thermohaline residual currents in the Beibu Bay. Oceanol Limnol, 32: 561鈥?68
  19. Tong G B, Chen L, Long J P, et al. 2012. Surface pollen distribution patterns in Beibu Gulf and corresponding sediment dynamics environment. Chin Sci Bull, 57: 902鈥?11 CrossRef
  20. Van Maren D S, Hoekstra P. 2004. Seasonal variation of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in a shallow subtropical estuary: The Ba Lat River, Vietnam. Estuar Coast Shelf S, 60: 529鈥?40 CrossRef
  21. Wang D R. 1998. Study of the dynamic-thermodynamic mechanic of Beibu Bay cool water masses. Doctoral Dissertation. Qingdao: Ocean University of China
  22. Wang J F, Wang Y, Sun S W. 2009. Tidal currents and residual currents in the southeastern Beibu Gulf in spring (in Chinese). The Essay Collection of the Researches on the Ocean Science in the Gulf of Tonkin-PT II. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 47鈥?5
  23. Wong, L A, Chen J C, Xue H J, et al. 2003. A model study of the circulation in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and its adjacent coastal waters: 1. Simulations and comparison with observations. J Geophys Res, 108: C53156
  24. Wu D X, Wang Y, Lin X P, et al. 2008. On the mechanism of the cyclonic circulation in Gulf of Tonkin in the summer. J Geophys Res, 113: C09029
  25. Xia H Y, Li S H, Shi M C. 2001. Three-D numerical simulation of wind-driven current and density current in the Beibu Gulf. Acta Oceanol Sin, 20: 455鈥?72
  26. Xu X Z, Qiu Z, Chen H C. 1980. The general descriptions of the horizontal circulation in the South China Sea (in Chinese). In: Proceedings of the 1980 Symposium on Hydrometeorology, Chinese Society of Oceanology and Limnology. Beijing: Science Press
  27. Xue H J, Chai F. 2002. Coupled physical-biological model for the Pearl River estuary: A phosphate limited subtropical ecosystem. In: Spaulding M L, ed. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, ASCE. 913鈥?28
  28. Xue H J, Chai F, Pettigrew N R, et al. 2004. Kuroshio intrusion and the circulation in the South China Sea. J Geophys Res, 109: C02017
  29. Yang J Y. 2005. The Arctic and subarctic ocean flux of potential vorticity and the Arctic Ocean Circulation. J Phys Oceanogr, 35: 2387鈥?407 CrossRef
  30. Yang SY, Bao X W, Chen C S, et al. 2003. Analysis on characteristics and mechanism of current system in west coast of Guangdong Province in the summer (in Chinese). Acta Oceanol Sin, 25: 1鈥?
  31. Yang S Y, Chen B, Li P L. 2006. A study of the characteristics of water transport from the South China Sea into Beibu Bay via the Qiongzhou Strait in summer in terms of temperature and salinity data (in Chinese). Trans Oceanol Limnol, 1: 1鈥?
  32. Yu M G, Liu J F. 1993. South China Sea circulation system and situation (in Chinese). Mar Forecast, 1993, 10: 13鈥?7
  33. Yu L, Jin X, Weller R A. 2008. Multidecade global flux datasets from the Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) Project: Latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, OAFlux Project Technical Report. OA-2008-01, 64pp Woods Hole Massachusetts
  34. Yuan S Y, Deng J Z. 1999. Numerical research on the circulation in the Beibu Gulf (in Chinese). Nanhai Yanjiu Yu Kaifa, 2: 41鈥?6
  35. Zhang G R, Ma T, Pan W R, et al. 2009. The characteristics of low-frequency flow in the west mouth of Qiongzhou Strait and its response to the seasonal wind field (in Chinese). The Essay Collection of the Researches on the Ocean Science in the Gulf of Tonkin-PT II. Beijing: China Ocean Press. 64鈥?6
  36. Zhang H M, Bates J J, Reynolds R W. 2006. Assessment of composite global sampling: Sea surface wind speed. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L17714 CrossRef
  37. Zu T T. 2005. Analysis of the current and its mechanism in the Gulf of Beibu. Master Dissertation. Qingdao: Ocean University of China
  38. Zu T T, Gan J P, Erofeeva S Y. 2008. Numerical study of the tide and tidal dynamics in the South China Sea. Deep-Sea Res I, 55: 137鈥?54 CrossRef
  
• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1869-1897

文摘

Due to limited in situ data and diagnostic numerical models, the summer circulation structure and formation mechanism in the Beibu Gulf have always been in controversy in the past 50 years. Therefore, a new three-dimensional hindcast model was built within the northwestern South China Sea (SCS), forced with the daily averaged wind, heat flux, lateral flux, as well as tidal harmonic and eight major rivers discharges. And the east boundary was set up far away off the Qiongzhou Strait (QS). Lastly, the model results were consistent with not only the synchronous observation data from the project 908 but also the historical observed data. As a result, the summer circulation structure was revealed that the southern Gulf was occupied by an anticyclonic eddy whereas the northern Gulf was dominated by a cyclonic gyre. Although the circulation major structure was stable, its area and strength had yearly and monthly oscillation. The other three sensitive experiments indicated that the circulations in the southern and northern Gulf were driven by the SCS circulation and monsoon wind, respectively. After the theoretical analysis of the potential vorticity budget, it was further revealed the circulation in the northern Gulf was driven by the positive wind stress curl in summer. Besides, the river discharge was also significant as the vertical circulation had two layer structures outside the mouth of the Red River. Generally, this work calls for the further research on other subjects, such as ocean biogeochemical or marine fisheries.