The physics underlying Gutenberg-Richter in the earth and in the moon

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• 作者：Stuart Crampin (1) (2)
  Yuan Gao (3)
  
  1. British Geological Survey ; Edinburgh ; EH9 3LA ; Scotland UK
  2. School of Geosciences ; University of Edinburgh ; EH9 3FW ; Edinburgh ; Scotland UK
  3. Institute of Earthquake Science ; China Earthquake Administration ; Beijing ; 100036 ; China
  
• 关键词：critical ; system ; Gutenberg ; Richter relationship ; New Geophysics ; residual fluid in moonquake ; shear ; wave splitting ; shear ; wave time ; delay
• 刊名：Journal of Earth Science
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：26
• 期：1
• 页码：134-139
• 全文大小：289 KB
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• 刊物主题：Earth Sciences, general; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Biogeosciences; Geochemistry; Geology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1867-111X

文摘

The linear Gutenberg-Richter relationship is well-established. In any region of the Earth, the logarithm of the number of earthquakes, greater than any magnitude, is proportional to magnitude. This means that the underlying physics is non-linear and not purely elastic. This nonlinear physics has not been resolved. Here we suggest that a new understanding of fluid-rock deformation provides the physics underlying Gutenberg-Richter: where the fluid-saturated microcracks in almost all in situ rocks are so closely-spaced that they verge on failure and fracture, and hence are critical-systems which impose fundamentally-new properties on conventional sub-critical geophysics. The observation of linear Gutenberg-Richter relationship in moonquakes suggests that residual fluids exist at depth in the Moon.