Phthalate Esters in Indoor Window Films in a Northeastern Chinese Urban Center: Film Growth and Implications for Human Exposure

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• 作者：Chun-Yan Huo ; Li-Yan Liu ; Zi-Feng Zhang ; Wan-Li Ma ; Wei-Wei Song ; Hai-Ling Li ; Wen-Long Li ; Kurunthachalam Kannan ; Yong-Kai Wu ; Ya-Meng Han ; Zhi-Xiang Peng ; Yi-Fan Li
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 19, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：50
• 期：14
• 页码：7743-7751
• 全文大小：532K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Indoor window film samples were collected in buildings during 2014–2015 for the determination of six phthalate diesters (PAEs). Linear regression analysis suggested that the film mass was positively and significantly correlated with the duration of film growth (from 7 to 77 days). PAEs were detected in all window film samples (n = 64). For all the samples with growth days ranged from 7 to 77 days, the median concentrations of total six PAEs (∑₆PAEs) in winter and summer window film samples were 9900 ng/m² film (2000 μg/g film) and 4700 ng/m² film (650 μg/g film), respectively. Among PAEs analyzed, di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the major compound (71 ± 9.7%), followed by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP; 20 ± 7.4%) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP; 5.1 ± 2.2%). Positive correlations among PAEs suggested their common sources in the window film samples. Room temperature and relative humidity were negatively and significantly correlated with PAEs concentations (in ng/m²). Poor ventilation in cold winter in Noreastern China significantly influenced the concentrations of PAEs in window film which suggested higher inhalation exposure dose in winter. The median hazard quotient (HQ) values from PAEs exposure were below 1, suggesting that the intake of PAEs via three exposure pathways was considered as acceptable.