Risk Assessment of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Japan Based on the First Market Basket Study and Species Sensitivity Distributions
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- 作者：Fukuya Iino ; Takumi Takasuga ; Kurunthachalam Senthilkumar ; Naoki Nakamura ; and Junko Nakanishi
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2005
- 出版时间：February 1, 2005
- 年：2005
- 卷：39
- 期：3
- 页码：859 - 866
- 全文大小：122K
- 年卷期：v.39,no.3(February 1, 2005)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The chemical risks of short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) to human health and ecological species in Japanwere assessed in this study. SCCPs are used as extremepressure additives in metal-working fluids and flame retardantagents in plastic materials. The first market basket studywith a high resolution gas chromatography and massspectrometry with electron capture negative ionization isreported. Total daily food intakes for Japanese residents ofdifferent ages were estimated using Latin Hypercubesimulations, and the highest 95th percentile intake is 6.8× 102 ng/kg/day for a 1-year-old child. Based on the reportedno-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and theestimated exposure mainly from food, it was concludedthat SCCPs are not posing risks to humans in Japan. Ecologicalrisks to aquatic and sediment organisms were estimatedusing species sensitivity distributions. The 95th percentilesof the distributions obtained by fitting several environmentalSCCP concentration data of river water and sedimentwere 41.8 ng/L and 558 ng/g wet weight as the possiblehighest concentrations, respectively. No-observed-effect-concentrations (NOEC) were determined by calculatingthe fifth percentiles of a species sensitivity distribution,which were 2.2 
g/L for aquatic organisms and 1.7 to 13.5 mg/kg wet weight for sediment organisms. While it is likelythat there is no imminent environmental chemical risk foraquatic organisms at a regional level in Japan, thisstudy concluded that a more detailed risk assessment isnecessary for sediment organisms.
g/L for aquatic organisms and 1.7 to 13.5 mg/kg wet weight for sediment organisms. While it is likelythat there is no imminent environmental chemical risk foraquatic organisms at a regional level in Japan, thisstudy concluded that a more detailed risk assessment isnecessary for sediment organisms.