文摘
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in personal care products, food, and pharmaceuticals. This paper presents the results of the photochemical degradation of four hazardous water contaminants (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) using an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and/or titanium dioxide. Oxidation kinetics and overall performance of the removal process for the four parabens in Milli-Q water using different advanced oxidation processes (namely, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2, and UV/TiO2/H2O2) were studied. The most efficient oxidation system to remove these pollutants was UV/TiO2/H2O2. A factorial central composite orthogonal and rotatable design of experiments was used to improve the parabens removal using the UV/TiO2/H2O2 process. Initial concentrations of H2O2 and TiO2 were the selected operational variables to optimize the process in Milli-Q water. Similarly, experiments were carried out under optimal conditions in different surface water matrices, namely, Guadiana River water (Badajoz, SW Spain), Peña del Águila reservoir water (Villar del Rey), and wastewater treatment plant effluent (Badajoz).