Layered P3-NaxCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 versus Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as a Positive and a Negative Electrode in a Full Sodium–Lithium Cell

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• 作者：Svetlana Ivanova ; Ekaterina Zhecheva ; Rositsa Kukeva ; Diana Nihtianova ; Lyuben Mihaylov ; Genoveva Atanasova ; Radostina Stoyanova
• 刊名：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：July 13, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：8
• 期：27
• 页码：17321-17333
• 全文大小：749K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1944-8252

文摘

The development of lithium and sodium ion batteries without using lithium and sodium metal as anodes gives the impetus for elaboration of low-cost and environmentally friendly energy storage devices. In this contribution we demonstrate the design and construction of a new type of hybrid sodium–lithium ion cell by using unique electrode combination (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ spinel as a negative electrode and layered Na_3/4Co_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as a positive electrode) and conventional lithium electrolyte (LiPF₆ salt dissolved in EC/DMC). The cell operates at an average potential of 2.35 V by delivering a reversible capacity of about 100 mAh/g. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction in the full sodium–lithium ion cell is studied by means of postmortem analysis, as well as ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis, HR-TEM, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The changes in the surface composition of electrodes are examined by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).