Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles

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• 作者：Carolyn P. Hubbard ; James E. Anderson ; Timothy J. Wallington
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：January 7, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：1
• 页码：861-867
• 全文大小：302K
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Engine-out and tailpipe emissions of NO_x, CO, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), nonmethane organic gases (NMOG), total hydrocarbons (THC), methane, ethene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, ethanol, N₂O, and NH₃ from a 2006 model year Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer are reported. With increasing ethanol content in the fuel, the tailpipe emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methane, and ammonia increased; NO_x and NMHC decreased; while CO, ethene, and N₂O emissions were not discernibly affected. NMOG and THC emissions displayed a pronounced minimum with midlevel (E20鈥揈40) ethanol blends; 25鈥?5% lower than for E0 or E80. Emissions of NO_x decreased by approximately 50% as the ethanol content increased from E0 to E30鈥揈40, with no further decrease seen with E55 or E80. We demonstrate that emission trends from FFVs are explained by fuel chemistry and engine calibration effects. Fuel chemistry effects are fundamental in nature; the same trend of increased ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and CH₄ emissions and decreased NMHC and benzene emissions are expected for all FFVs. Engine calibration effects are manufacturer and model specific; emission trends for NO_x, THC, and NMOG will not be the same for all FFVs. Implications for air quality are discussed.