Serum Concentrations of 11 Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in the U.S. Population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000
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- 作者：Antonia M. Calafat ; Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik ; John A. Reidy ; Samuel P. Caudill ; Jason S. Tully ; Larry L. Needham
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：April 1, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：7
- 页码：2237 - 2242
- 全文大小：89K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.7(April 1, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
We measured the concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkylcompounds (PFCs), including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) in 1562 serum samples collectedfrom a representative U.S. population 12 years of age andolder in the 1999-2000 National Health and NutritionExamination Survey. Participants represented both sexes,three race/ethnicities (non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanicwhites, and Mexican-Americans), and four age categories(12-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60 yearsand older). PFCs were extracted from 100 
L of serum usingon-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem massspectrometry; limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and perfluorooctane sulfonamidewere detected in all samples analyzed; 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid were detected in more than 90% of samples,which suggests prevalent exposures to several PFCs inthe U.S. population. The concentrations of most PFCs weresimilar regardless of the participants' ages but werehigher in males than in females. Mexican Americans hadlower concentrations than non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, whose concentrations were similar. Highereducation was associated with higher concentrations ofPFOS and PFOA. These data will serve as a nationallyrepresentative baseline of the U.S. population's exposureto PFCs to which other populations can be compared, andwill play an important role in public health by helpingset research priorities, ranging from health effects studiesto defining sources and pathways of exposure.
L of serum usingon-line solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem massspectrometry; limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, and perfluorooctane sulfonamidewere detected in all samples analyzed; 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid were detected in more than 90% of samples,which suggests prevalent exposures to several PFCs inthe U.S. population. The concentrations of most PFCs weresimilar regardless of the participants' ages but werehigher in males than in females. Mexican Americans hadlower concentrations than non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, whose concentrations were similar. Highereducation was associated with higher concentrations ofPFOS and PFOA. These data will serve as a nationallyrepresentative baseline of the U.S. population's exposureto PFCs to which other populations can be compared, andwill play an important role in public health by helpingset research priorities, ranging from health effects studiesto defining sources and pathways of exposure.