Tracing the Sources of PCDD/Fs and PCBs to Lake Baikal
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- 作者：Alexander A. Mamontov ; Elena A. Mamontova ; Evgenia N. Tarasova ; and Michael S. McLachlan
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2000
- 出版时间：March 1, 2000
- 年：2000
- 卷：34
- 期：5
- 页码：741 - 747
- 全文大小：154K
- 年卷期：v.34,no.5(March 1, 2000)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Lake Baikal is a unique freshwater ecosystem that hasbeen declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It containshigh levels of PCBs, and Baikal seal were recentlyfound to have PCDD/F concentrations comparable tothose in the Baltic Sea. In this work fish and soil wereanalyzed to trace the sources of these compounds to thelake. The fish samples indicated that the PCDD/F andPCB contamination of Lake Baikal does not originate frombackground inputs and that the contamination increasesfrom north to south. The soil inventory (quantity of chemicalper m2 ground) was determined at 34 sites around LakeBaikal and in the Angara River valley. For the PCDD/Fs andmost PCBs, the soil inventory is a good approximation ofthe cumulative atmospheric deposition. It varied over a factorof 1000, with the highest levels in Usol'ye Sibirskoe, acity 110 km north of the southwestern tip of the lake inthe highly industrialized Angara River valley, and the lowestvalues in the pristine areas to the northeast of the lake.A continuous decrease in the soil inventory was observedmoving from Usol'ye S. up the Angara River valley toLake Baikal and from there northeastward along the lake.This indicates that there was a major atmosphericsource of these compounds in the Usol'ye area. Thecumulative deposition to the lake was estimated to be 1.2kg of TEQ (PCDD/F + PCB). The cumulative depositionof 
PCB to Lake Baikal was comparable to the PCB inventoryin Lake Superior in 1986, indicating that the atmosphericemissions in the Usol'ye S. area have been a major sourceto Lake Baikal. The soil inventories of the PCDD/Fs andPCBs were highly correlated, and the PCDD/F pattern in thesoils was similar to the PCDD/F pattern in technical PCBmixtures. There is a large chloralkali chemical complex inUsol'ye Sibirskoe, and the chloralkali industry has causedenvironmental contamination with PCBs elsewhere.This chemical complex is suspected to have been thesource of the PCB and PCDD/F contamination, but due tothe paucity of information about this facility it has notyet been possible to confirm this hypothesis. This studyillustrates the utility of soil contaminant inventories to tracesources of persistent hydrophobic organic contaminants.
PCB to Lake Baikal was comparable to the PCB inventoryin Lake Superior in 1986, indicating that the atmosphericemissions in the Usol'ye S. area have been a major sourceto Lake Baikal. The soil inventories of the PCDD/Fs andPCBs were highly correlated, and the PCDD/F pattern in thesoils was similar to the PCDD/F pattern in technical PCBmixtures. There is a large chloralkali chemical complex inUsol'ye Sibirskoe, and the chloralkali industry has causedenvironmental contamination with PCBs elsewhere.This chemical complex is suspected to have been thesource of the PCB and PCDD/F contamination, but due tothe paucity of information about this facility it has notyet been possible to confirm this hypothesis. This studyillustrates the utility of soil contaminant inventories to tracesources of persistent hydrophobic organic contaminants.