Sources of Fine Particulate Material along the Wasatch Front

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• 作者：Russell W. Long ; Rachel Smith ; Scott Smith ; Norman L. Eatough ; Nolan F. Mangelson ; Delbert J. Eatough ; C. Arden Pope ; III ; and William E. Wilson
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2002
• 出版时间：March 2002
• 年：2002
• 卷：16
• 期：2
• 页码：282 - 293
• 全文大小：204K
• 年卷期：v.16,no.2(March 2002)
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

The concentration and composition of PM_2.5 has been measured with a variety of continuousand integrated samplers at the Hawthorne EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Awarenessand Community Tracking (EMPACT) sampling site in Salt Lake City, UT, and at an EPA Scienceto Achieve Results (STAR) sampling site in Bountiful, UT. Data are considered at both sitesduring a 10-day winter period with high PM_2.5 concentrations due to winter inversions, and atthe Hawthorne site only during a fourteen day summer period when the site was impacted bysmoke from wildfires in the Wasatch Mountains. The PM_2.5 was dominated by organic materialand ammonium nitrate in the winter and by organic material in the summer. In both cases,substantial amounts of sem-volatile material, SVM, was present which was not measured by aTapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) monitor but was detected by a Real-TimeAmbient Mass Sampler (RAMS). The PM_2.5 data have been combined with concentrations ofparticulate soot and soil corrected potassium, and with gas-phase concentrations of NO_x, CO,and SO₂ to apportion the PM_2.5 to primary emissions emitted by and secondary particulatematerial formed from emissions from mobile sources, wood smoke combustion (including the forestfire emissions), and oil refineries located near the Bountiful site on an hourly basis. Wood smokeand mobile source emissions dominated the contribution to the non-volatile fraction of the PM_2.5,with about equal contributions for each, but very different diurnal patterns for the twocontributions. The diurnal patterns for the attribution were consistent with the emission patternsfor these two sources. In addition, the oil refineries contributed about 10% of the primary PM_2.5at Bountiful. The SVM could not be directly attributed to any source but appeared to be secondaryammonium nitrate and organic material formed from gaseous emissions from the various sources.The dominant contributors to this SVM were NO_x and gas-phase organic compounds in emissionsfrom both mobile sources and wood smoke.