Beneficial effect of bilingualism on Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and cognition

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• 作者：Ainara Estanga^a ; Mirian Ecay-Torres^a ; Almudena Ibañ ; ez^a ; Andrea Izagirre^a ; Jorge Villanua^b ; ^c ; Maite Garcia-Sebastian^b ; M. Teresa Iglesias Gaspar^d ; Ane Otaegui-Arrazola^a ; Ane Iriondo^a ; Monserrat Clerigue^a ; Pablo Martinez-Lage^a ; ^{pmlage@cita-alzheimer.org}
• 关键词：Bilingualism ; Preclinical Alzheimer's disease ; CSF biomarkers ; Cognitive performance ; Cognitive/brain reserve ; Cohort studies
• 刊名：Neurobiology of Aging
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：50
• 期：Complete
• 页码：144-151
• 全文大小：731 K
• 卷排序：50

文摘

Bilingualism as a component of cognitive reserve has been claimed to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-biomarkers has not been investigated. We assessed cognitive performance and CSF AD-biomarkers, and potential moderation effect of bilingualism on the association between age, CSF AD-biomarkers, and cognition. Cognitively healthy middle-aged participants classified as monolinguals (n = 100, nCSF = 59), early (n = 81, nCSF = 55) and late bilinguals (n = 97, nCSF = 52) were evaluated. Models adjusted for confounders showed that bilinguals performed better than monolinguals on digits backwards (early-bilinguals p = 0.003), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) (early-bilinguals p = 0.018; late-bilinguals p = 0.004), and Trail Making Test-B (late-bilinguals p = 0.047). Early bilingualism was associated with lower CSF total-tau (p = 0.019) and lower prevalence of preclinical AD (NIA-AA classification) (p = 0.02). Bilingualism showed a moderation effect on the relationship between age and CSF AD-biomarkers and the relationship between age and executive function. We conclude that bilingualism contributes to cognitive reserve enhancing executive and visual-spatial functions. For the first time, this study reveals that early bilingualism is associated with more favorable CSF AD-biomarker profile.