This is the first evaluation of toxicity profile of Bi2O3 nanoparticles in different cell lines. Bi2O3 nanoparticles decreased the cell viability by disrupting on mitochondria and lysosome. Bi2O3 nanoparticles induced oxidative damage in HepG2, NRK-52E and Caco-2 cells. Bi2O3 nanoparticles highly induced cell death. Bi2O3 nanoparticles should raise concern about their safety in consumer products.