Impaired self-reflection in psychiatric disorders among adults: A proposal for the existence of a network of semi independent functions

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• 作者：Giancarlo Dimaggio ; Stijn Vanheule ; Paul H. Lysaker ; Antonino Carcione ; Giuseppe Nicolò
• 关键词：Self-reflection ; Self-relatedness ; Metacognition ; Theory of mind ; Alexithymia ; Schizophrenia ; Personality disorders
• 刊名：Consciousness and Cognition
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：September 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：18
• 期：3
• 页码：653-664
• 全文大小：218 K

文摘

Self-reflection plays a key role in healthy human adaptation. Self-reflection might involve different capacities which may be impaired to different degrees relatively independently of one another. Variation in abilities for different forms of self-reflection are commonly seen as key aspects of many adult mental disorders. Yet little has been written about whether there are different kinds of deficits in self-reflection found in mental illness, how those deficits should be distinguished from one another and how to characterize the extent to which they are interrelated. We review clinical and experimental literature and suggest four different forms of deficits in self-reflection: (a) sense of ownership of one’s own thoughts and actions, (b) emotional awareness, (c) distinction between fantasy and reality and (d) the integration of a range of different views of oneself and others. We propose how these different impairments in self-reflection are linked with one another.