Cu(II) ions impregnated on TiO2 produced CuO and Cu2O, after calcination at 400 °C.
Optical and electronic properties of TiO2 were improved in the presence of CuxO.
The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained with the 40 wt. CuO–TiO2 composite.
A reaction path of gallic acid photocatalytic degradation was proposed.