摘要
《宪法》第9条规定的自然资源国家所有权既不能解读为私人的所有权,也不能被解读为国家的财产性权利,加之《民法》《物权法》等私法并不能完全揭示其特殊性,因此《宪法》中的自然资源国家所有权有了存在的基础和必要。自然资源国家所有权是国家对自然资源的主权宣示,重在资格而非权利,在性质上属于公权。"全民所有"突出了自然资源国家所有权的公共属性,由此引出国家在自然资源领域的管理和保护职能。自然资源国家所有权的法律制度构建应当区分产权制度和监管制度,区分自然性自然资源和人为性自然资源,在此基础上严格界定公权的存在界限和介入领域,以保证国家自然资源管理和保护义务得以履行。
State ownership of natural resources stipulated in Article 9of Constitution of the People's Republic of China can neither be interpreted as a private ownership,nor as a property right owned by state.Moreover,private laws,such as Civil Law and Real Right Law,cannot fully reveal uniqueness of state ownership of natural resources.Therefore,it is fundamental and essential to stipulate state ownership of natural resources in the constitution.It is a declaration of sovereignty over natural resources,which focuses on qualification rather than right and is a kind of pubic power in legal quality."Owned by whole people"stipulated in Article 9of the constitution highlights the public attribute of state ownership of natural resources,which means state has the duty to manage and protect natural resources.Construction of legal system of state ownership of natural resources should distinguish between property right system and supervision system,between natural resources created by nature and those man-made.Only in this way can we strictly definite the boundary and scope of application of such public power in order to ensure the management of natural resources and fulfill the protection obligation.