页岩孔隙整合化表征方法——以四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组为例
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摘要
页岩低孔隙度、强非均质性及纳米级孔隙发育等特征给其孔隙表征带来了诸多困难,而现今的孔隙表征方法各有其优缺点,且不同的表征方法往往适用干特定的孔隙尺寸范围,单独使用准确性往往不高。为此,基于前人的研究成果,通过开展实验并对各种表征方法进行针对性分析与比较,总结出了一套集气体吸附法、核磁共振法、高压压汞法、气体孔隙度法等多种孔隙表征方法优点于一体的"整合化"表征方法,并据该方法对四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙进行了表征。结果表明:①该表征方法以核磁共振法测试结果作为基准孔径分布尺度,采用优化选取、分段及加权等措施,设置不同尺度区段及其比例系数以优化表征准确度,得到的数据其衔接部分契合度较为良好,孔隙分布结果符合相关规律;②四川盆地龙马溪组页岩"整合化"后的孔隙特征与其地质性质相符,证明该表征方法能够得到在全孔隙尺度上更具有代表性的数据,可对页岩孔隙的准确表征起到一定的技术支撑作用。
The characterization of shale is much more difficult because of its characteristics of low porosity,strong heterogeneity and existence of the nano-scale pores.Current pore characterization methods have their own advantages and disadvantages,and they are applicable to specific ranges of pore sizes,so only one single method cannot realize accurate characterization of pores in shale.Based on the previous research results,therefore,an integrated pore characterization method was established through the integration of gas adsorption,nuclear magnetic resonance,high-pressure mercury intrusion and gas porosity after experiments were performed and all characterization methods were analyzed and compared.This method was used to characterize the pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin.The conclusions are reached as follows.First,the measurement result by nuclear magnetic resonance is used as the datum pore diameter distribution scale for this integrated method.Scale sections and their ratio coefficients are set by means of optimization selection,segmentations and weights,so as to optimize characterization accuracy.The obtained data are better accordant at the linking parts and pore distribution is in accordance with the related rules.Second,the integrated pore characteristics of the Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin fit the geologic properties.This indicates that this method can provide not only more representative data in full pore scales,but technical support for the accurate characterization of shale pores.
The characterization of shale is much more difficult because of its characteristics of low porosity,strong heterogeneity and existence of the nano-scale pores.Current pore characterization methods have their own advantages and disadvantages,and they are applicable to specific ranges of pore sizes,so only one single method cannot realize accurate characterization of pores in shale.Based on the previous research results,therefore,an integrated pore characterization method was established through the integration of gas adsorption,nuclear magnetic resonance,high-pressure mercury intrusion and gas porosity after experiments were performed and all characterization methods were analyzed and compared.This method was used to characterize the pores in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin.The conclusions are reached as follows.First,the measurement result by nuclear magnetic resonance is used as the datum pore diameter distribution scale for this integrated method.Scale sections and their ratio coefficients are set by means of optimization selection,segmentations and weights,so as to optimize characterization accuracy.The obtained data are better accordant at the linking parts and pore distribution is in accordance with the related rules.Second,the integrated pore characteristics of the Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin fit the geologic properties.This indicates that this method can provide not only more representative data in full pore scales,but technical support for the accurate characterization of shale pores.
引文
[1]蒋裕强,董大忠,漆麟,沈妍斐,蒋婵,何溥为.页岩气储层的基本特征及其评价[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):7-12.Jiang Yuqiang,Dong Dazhong,Qi Lin,Shen Yanfei,Jiang Chan,He Fuwei.Basic features and evaluation of shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):7-12.
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[7]李忠全.气体吸附BET法测定固态物质的比表面积[J].粉末冶金工业,1996,6(2):38-43.Li Zhongquan.Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption using the BET method[J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,1996,6(2):38-43.
[8]谢晓永,唐洪明,王春华,白蓉,王自力.氮气吸附法和压汞法在测试泥页岩孔径分布中的对比[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):100-102.Xie Xiaoyong,Tang Hongming,Wang Chunhua,Bai Rong,Wang Zili.Contrast of nitrogen adsorption method and mercury porosimetry method in analysis of shale's pore size distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(12):100-102.
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[10]张烈辉,郭晶晶,唐洪明,刘佳,李其荣,何激扬.四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):22-29.Zhang Liehui,Guo Jingjing,Tang Hongming,Liu Jia,Li Qirong,He Jiyang.Pore structure characteristics of Longmaxi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):22-29.
[11]Almarzooq A,AlGhamdi T,Sassi KH,Badri M.Characterization of shale gas rocks using dielectric dispersion and nuclear magnetic resonance[C]//SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition,19-22 May2013,Al-Khobar,Saudi Arabia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168081-MS.
[12]Xiao Liang,Mao Zhiqiang,Liu Tianding,Yang Hua,Zhang Haitao,Shi Yujiang,et al.Comparisons of pore structure for unconventional tight gas coalbed methane and shale gas reservoirs[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,22-24 October 2013,Jakarta,Indonesia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165774-MS.
[13]Martinez GA,Davis LA.Petrophysical measurements on shales using NMR[C]//SPE/AAPG Western Regional Meeting,19-22 June 2000,Long Beach,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/62851-MS.
[14]何雨丹,毛志强,肖立志,任小军.核磁共振T2分布评价岩石孔径分布的改进方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):373-378.He Yudan,Mao Zhiqiang,Xiao Lizhi,Ren Xiaojun.An improved method of using NMR T2 distribution to evaluate pore size distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):373-378.
[15]Dogan AU,Dogan M,Onal M,Sarikaya Y,Aburub A,Wurster DE.Baseline studies of the clay minerals society source clays:Specific surface area by the Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)method[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,2006,54(1):62-66.
[16]Kuila U,McCarty DK,Derkowski A,Fischer TB,Prasad M.Total porosity measurement in gas shales by the water immersion porosimetry(WIP)method[J].Fuel,2014,117(B):1115-1129.
[17]Vega B,Andrews JC,Liu Yijin,Gelb J,Kovscek A.Nanoscale visualization of gas shale pore and textural features[C]//Unconventional Resources Technology Conference,12-14 August 2013,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/URTEC2013-163.
[18]黄籍中.四川盆地页岩气与煤层气勘探前景分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):116-120.Huang Jizhong.Exploration prospect of shale gas and coalbed methane in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):116-120.
[19]Mergia K,Stefanopoulos KL,Ordas N,Rosales CG.A comparative study of the porosity of doped graphites by small angle neutron scattering,nitrogen adsorption and helium pycnometry[J].Micro porous&Mesoporous Materials,2010,134(1):141-149.
[20]Rouquerol J,Avnir D,Fairbridge CW,Everett DH,Haynes JM,Pernicone N,et al.Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids(Technical Report)[J].Pure&Applied Chemistry,1994,66(8):1739-1758.
[21]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,刘洪林,魏伟,方俊华.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.Chen Shangbin,Zhu Yanming,Wang Hongyan,Liu Honglin,Wei Wei,Fang Junhua.Structure characteristics and accumulation significance of nanopores in Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):438-444.
[22]张烈辉,唐洪明,陈果,李其荣,何激扬.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩吸附特征及控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(12):63-69.Zhang Liehui,Tang Hongming,Chen Guo,Li Qirong,He Jiyang.Adsorption capacity and controlling factors of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale Play in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(12):63-69.
[2]董丙响,程远方,刘钰川,易新斌,杨柳,吴玲妍,等.页岩气储层岩石物理性质[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):25-28.Dong Bingxiang,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Yuchuan,Yi Xinbin,Yang Liu,Wu Lingyan,et al.Research of the petrophysical property of shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(1):25-28.
[3]朱定伟,王香增,丁文龙,张丽霞,姜呈馥,宫美林.测井资料在优质页岩气储层识别中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段黑色页岩为例[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(2):25-29.Zhu Dingwei,Wang Xiangzeng,Ding Wenlong,Zhang Lixia,Jiang Chengfu,Gong Meilin.Application of logging data in the identification of high quality shale gas reservoirs:An example from the Chang-7 black shale in southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2013,28(2):25-29.
[4]Alana Leahy-Dios,Mita Das,Anshul Agarwal,Kaminsky RD.Modeling of transport phenomena and multicomponent sorption for shale gas and coalbed methane in an unstructured grid simulator[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,30 October-2 November 2011,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/147352-MS.
[5]Yang Feng,Ning Zhengfu,Wang Qing,Liu Huiqing,Zhang Shidong,Liao Hongmei.Integrated study of reservoir characteristics of a shale gas reservoir:A case study from Sichuan Basin of China[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,22-24 October 2013,Jakarta,Indonesia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165870-MS.
[6]Labani MM,Rezaee R,Saeedi A,Adnan Al Hinai.Evaluation of pore size spectrum of gas shale reservoirs using low pressure nitrogen adsorption,gas expansion and mercury porosimetry:A case study from the Perth and Canning Basins,Western Australia[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,112:7-16.
[7]李忠全.气体吸附BET法测定固态物质的比表面积[J].粉末冶金工业,1996,6(2):38-43.Li Zhongquan.Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption using the BET method[J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,1996,6(2):38-43.
[8]谢晓永,唐洪明,王春华,白蓉,王自力.氮气吸附法和压汞法在测试泥页岩孔径分布中的对比[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):100-102.Xie Xiaoyong,Tang Hongming,Wang Chunhua,Bai Rong,Wang Zili.Contrast of nitrogen adsorption method and mercury porosimetry method in analysis of shale's pore size distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(12):100-102.
[9]Wei Chenji,Qin Guan.Microstructure characterization for a shale gas reservoir by combining visualization technique and physical measurement[C]//SPE Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition—Asia Pacific,11-13 November2013,Brisbane,Australia.D01:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167610-MS.
[10]张烈辉,郭晶晶,唐洪明,刘佳,李其荣,何激扬.四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):22-29.Zhang Liehui,Guo Jingjing,Tang Hongming,Liu Jia,Li Qirong,He Jiyang.Pore structure characteristics of Longmaxi shale in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):22-29.
[11]Almarzooq A,AlGhamdi T,Sassi KH,Badri M.Characterization of shale gas rocks using dielectric dispersion and nuclear magnetic resonance[C]//SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition,19-22 May2013,Al-Khobar,Saudi Arabia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168081-MS.
[12]Xiao Liang,Mao Zhiqiang,Liu Tianding,Yang Hua,Zhang Haitao,Shi Yujiang,et al.Comparisons of pore structure for unconventional tight gas coalbed methane and shale gas reservoirs[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,22-24 October 2013,Jakarta,Indonesia.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165774-MS.
[13]Martinez GA,Davis LA.Petrophysical measurements on shales using NMR[C]//SPE/AAPG Western Regional Meeting,19-22 June 2000,Long Beach,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/62851-MS.
[14]何雨丹,毛志强,肖立志,任小军.核磁共振T2分布评价岩石孔径分布的改进方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):373-378.He Yudan,Mao Zhiqiang,Xiao Lizhi,Ren Xiaojun.An improved method of using NMR T2 distribution to evaluate pore size distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):373-378.
[15]Dogan AU,Dogan M,Onal M,Sarikaya Y,Aburub A,Wurster DE.Baseline studies of the clay minerals society source clays:Specific surface area by the Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)method[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,2006,54(1):62-66.
[16]Kuila U,McCarty DK,Derkowski A,Fischer TB,Prasad M.Total porosity measurement in gas shales by the water immersion porosimetry(WIP)method[J].Fuel,2014,117(B):1115-1129.
[17]Vega B,Andrews JC,Liu Yijin,Gelb J,Kovscek A.Nanoscale visualization of gas shale pore and textural features[C]//Unconventional Resources Technology Conference,12-14 August 2013,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/URTEC2013-163.
[18]黄籍中.四川盆地页岩气与煤层气勘探前景分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):116-120.Huang Jizhong.Exploration prospect of shale gas and coalbed methane in Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(2):116-120.
[19]Mergia K,Stefanopoulos KL,Ordas N,Rosales CG.A comparative study of the porosity of doped graphites by small angle neutron scattering,nitrogen adsorption and helium pycnometry[J].Micro porous&Mesoporous Materials,2010,134(1):141-149.
[20]Rouquerol J,Avnir D,Fairbridge CW,Everett DH,Haynes JM,Pernicone N,et al.Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids(Technical Report)[J].Pure&Applied Chemistry,1994,66(8):1739-1758.
[21]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,刘洪林,魏伟,方俊华.川南龙马溪组页岩气储层纳米孔隙结构特征及其成藏意义[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):438-444.Chen Shangbin,Zhu Yanming,Wang Hongyan,Liu Honglin,Wei Wei,Fang Junhua.Structure characteristics and accumulation significance of nanopores in Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):438-444.
[22]张烈辉,唐洪明,陈果,李其荣,何激扬.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩吸附特征及控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(12):63-69.Zhang Liehui,Tang Hongming,Chen Guo,Li Qirong,He Jiyang.Adsorption capacity and controlling factors of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale Play in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(12):63-69.
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