云南白马寨Cu-Ni硫化物矿微量和铂族元素地球化学和矿床成因意义
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摘要
利用锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定法较系统分析了云南白马寨主要Cu-Ni硫化物矿石和主要围岩的PGE、Au、Cu和Ni含量,发现PGE含量均较低,其中块状硫化物矿石的∑PGE为78.2×10-9~556×10-9,橄榄辉石岩为0.472×10-9~67.0×10-9,辉长岩为0.847×10-9,二辉岩为0.76×10-9~0.809×10-9.后期煌斑岩的PGE也很低(2.98×10-9~4.07×10-9)。各类矿石和围岩中∑PGE与Au,Ni与Cu之间呈明显的正相关关系。各类矿石的PGE原始地幔标准化曲线和Pt/Pd和Cu/Pd值与其各主要围岩非常相似,说明该矿Cu-Ni硫化物矿石为岩浆成因,且与围岩有成因上的联系。矿石和围岩较高的Pt/Pd值(平均0.83)显示其主要形成于单独的硫化物饱和事件,矿石中较高的Ir(0.77×10-9~5.52×10-9,平均2.35×10-9)和Pd/Ir值(4.76~296,平均138)显示硫化物矿石可能受到后期强烈的热液蚀变。白马寨硫化物矿石较高的187Os/188Os初始值(0.456±0.026)显示地壳物质的加入是成矿的重要因素。计算显示该矿硫化物矿石中地壳来源Os超过30%。
Concentrations of platinum group elements(PGE),Au,Cu and Ni in massive sulfide ores and related host rocks from Baimazhai Cu-Ni magmatic sulfide deposit were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) following nickel sulfide fire assay pre-concentration.The results show that the total PGE(∑PGE) are quite low,decreasing gradually from central massive ores(78.2×10-9-556 ×10-9) to olivine pyroxenite(0.472×10-9-67.0 ×10-9),gabbro(0.847 ×10-9) and,websterite(0.76×10-9-0.809×10-9).The intruded lamprophyre dykes also show low ∑PGE(2.98×10-9-4.07 ×10-9).The ∑PGE exhibits obvious positive correlations with Au,Ni and Cu contents.Primitive mantle normalized PGE patterns of the massive Cu-Ni ores are of the Pt-Pd type with relatively steep and trough-like patterns,which are similar to those of the host rocks.In addition,the Pt/Pd and Cu/Pd ratios of the massive sulfide ores are similar to those of host rocks.These characteristics suggest that sulfides in the massive ores are of magmatic origin,co-genetic with their host rocks.The relatively high Pt/Pd ratios of the Baimazhai massive sulfide ores(averaging 0.83) and their host rocks imply that the Baimazhai sulfides formed in a single sulfide saturation event.High Ir contents(0.77×10-9-5.52×10-9,averaging 2.35×10-9) and dramatically variable Pd/Ir ratios(4.76-296,averaging 138) of the massive sulfide ores suggest that the Baimazhai sulfide ores are of magmatic origin,but might have suffered significant late stage hydrothermal alteration.The initial 187Os/188Os value of 0.456± 0.026 indicates crustal contamination has played an important role during mineralization.The proportion of crust-derived Os is calculated to be more than 30%.
Concentrations of platinum group elements(PGE),Au,Cu and Ni in massive sulfide ores and related host rocks from Baimazhai Cu-Ni magmatic sulfide deposit were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) following nickel sulfide fire assay pre-concentration.The results show that the total PGE(∑PGE) are quite low,decreasing gradually from central massive ores(78.2×10-9-556 ×10-9) to olivine pyroxenite(0.472×10-9-67.0 ×10-9),gabbro(0.847 ×10-9) and,websterite(0.76×10-9-0.809×10-9).The intruded lamprophyre dykes also show low ∑PGE(2.98×10-9-4.07 ×10-9).The ∑PGE exhibits obvious positive correlations with Au,Ni and Cu contents.Primitive mantle normalized PGE patterns of the massive Cu-Ni ores are of the Pt-Pd type with relatively steep and trough-like patterns,which are similar to those of the host rocks.In addition,the Pt/Pd and Cu/Pd ratios of the massive sulfide ores are similar to those of host rocks.These characteristics suggest that sulfides in the massive ores are of magmatic origin,co-genetic with their host rocks.The relatively high Pt/Pd ratios of the Baimazhai massive sulfide ores(averaging 0.83) and their host rocks imply that the Baimazhai sulfides formed in a single sulfide saturation event.High Ir contents(0.77×10-9-5.52×10-9,averaging 2.35×10-9) and dramatically variable Pd/Ir ratios(4.76-296,averaging 138) of the massive sulfide ores suggest that the Baimazhai sulfide ores are of magmatic origin,but might have suffered significant late stage hydrothermal alteration.The initial 187Os/188Os value of 0.456± 0.026 indicates crustal contamination has played an important role during mineralization.The proportion of crust-derived Os is calculated to be more than 30%.
引文
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[2]宋立军,吴冲龙,朱杰勇,尹潘,梁雄兵,张中旺,佟彦明.白马寨铜镍硫化矿地球化学特征及成矿[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(4):39-46.Song Lijun,Wu Chonglong,Zhu Jieyong,Yin Pan,LiangXiongbing,Zhang Zhongwang,Tong Yanming.Geochemicalcharacteristics and mineralization of Baimazhai Cu-Ni sulfidedeposit,Yunnan province[J].Geology and Prospecting,2005,41(4),39-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]管涛,黄智龙,谢力华,许成,李文博.云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩地球化学Ⅰ.主要元素和微量元素[J].矿物学报,2003,23(3):278-288.Guan Tao,Huang Zhilong,Xie Lihua,Xu Cheng,Li Wenbo.Geochemistry of lamprophyres in Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan province,I.Major and trace elements[J].Acta Min-eralization Sinica,2003,23(3):278-288.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
[4]管涛,黄智龙,谢力华,许成,李文博.云南白马寨镍矿区煌斑岩地球化学Ⅱ.地幔源区特征[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):14-18.Guan Tao,Huang Zhilong,Xie Lihua,Xu Cheng,Li Wenbo.Geochemistry of lamprophyres in Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan province,II.Characteristics of mantle source region[J].Acta Mineralization Sinica,2004,24(1):14-18.(inChinese with English abstract)
[5]张学书,秦德先,范柱国,念红,刘光亮.云南省金平白马寨铜镍矿区铁-超镁铁岩群地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(4):51-56.Zhang Xueshu,Qin Dexian,Fan Zhuguo,Nian Hong,LiuGuangliang.Geochemical characteristics of mafic-ultramaficswarms in the Baimazhai nickel and copper deposit,Jinping,Yunnan[J].Geology and Prospecting,2005,41(4):51-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王生伟,孙晓明,石贵勇,熊德信,翟伟.云南白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床铂族元素地球化学及其对矿床成因的制约[J],地质学报,2006,80(9):1474-1486.Wang Shengwei,Sun Xiaoming,Shi Guiyong,Xiong Dexin,Zhai Wei.Platinum Group Elements(PGE)Geochemistry ofBaimazhai Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit and Its Constraints on the OreGenesis[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(9):1474-1486.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]汤中立,李文渊.金川铜镍硫化物(含铂)矿床成矿模式及地质对比[M].北京.地质出版社,1995:117-125.Tang Zhongli,Li Wenyuan.Mineralization mechanic and geo-logical comparison of Jinchuan copper-nickel(PGE)sulfide de-posit[M].Beijing:Geol.Pub.House,1995,117-125.(inChinese)
[8]Wang C Y,Zhou M F,Keays R R.Geochemical constraintson the origin of the Permian Baimazhai mafic-ultramafic intru-sion,SW China[J].Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,2006a,152:309-321.
[9]Wang C Y,Zhou M F.Genesis of the Permian Baimazhaimagmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE)sulfide deposit,Yunan,SW China[J].Mineral Deposita,2006b,41:771-783.
[10]陶琰,罗泰义,高振敏,朱丹.西南暗色岩铜镍硫化物矿化岩体与峨眉山玄武岩的关系——以云南金宝山岩体为例[J].地质论评,2004,50(1):9-15.Tao Yan,Luo Taiyi,Gao Zhenmin,Zhu Dan.The relationbetween Emeishan continental flood basalts and Cu-Ni depos-its of southwestern China trap:A case study on Jinbaoshanmafic-ultramafic intrusion,Yunnan[J].Geological Review,2004,50(1):9-15.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Barnes S J,Naldrett A J,Gorton M P.The origin of theFractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial mag-mas[J].Chem.Geol.,1985,53:303-323.
[12]Keays R R,Nickle E H,Groves D I,McGoldrick P J.Iridi-um and palladium as discriminants of volcanic-exhalative,hy-drothermal,and magmatic nickel sulfide mineralization[J].Econ Geol,1982,77:1535-1547.
[13]Keays R R.The role of komatiitic and picritic magmatismand S-saturation in the formation of the ore deposits[J].Lithos,1995,34:1-18.
[14]Pasava J,Vyma A,Petersen S,Herzig P.PGE distributionin massive sulfides from the PACMANUS hydrothermalfield,eastern Manus basin,Papua New Guinea:Implicationsfor PGE enrichment in some ancient volcanogenic massive sul-fide deposits[J].Mineralium Deposita,2004,39:784-792.
[15]王瑞廷,毛景文,赫英,王东生,汤中立.金川超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(3):279-286.Wang Ruiting,Mao Jingwen,He Ying,Wang Dongsheng,Tang Zhongli.Geochemical characteristics of platinum groupelements in Jinchuan super-large sulfide copper-nickel deposit[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2004,28(3):279-286.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Barnes S J,Couture J F,Sawyer E W.Nickel-copper occur-rences in the Belleterre-Angliers belt of the Pontiac subprov-ince and the use of Cu-Pd rations in interpreting platinum-group element distributions[J].Economic Geology,1993,88:1402-1418.
[17]Maier W D,Barnes S J,De klerk W J,Teigler B,Mitchell AA.Cu/Pd and Cu/Pt of silicate rocks in the Bushveld com-plex:Implications for platinum-group element exploration[J].Economic Geology,1996,91:1151-1158.
[18]Fleet M E,Crocket J H,Stone W E.Partition of platinum-Group elements(Os,Ir,Ru,Pt,Pd)and gold between sul-fide liquid and basalt melt[J].Geochimica et CosmochimcaActa,1996,60(13):2397-2412.
[19]张招崇,王福生,曲文俊,郝艳丽,Mahoney J J.峨眉山大火成岩身中高Os苦橄岩的发现及地质意义[J].地质学报,2005,79(4):516-521.Zhang Zhaochong,Wang Fusheng,Qu Wenjun,Hao Yanli,Mahoney J J.Discovery of high-Os picrites in the large Emei-shan igneous province and its geological significanc[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2005,79(4):516-521.(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
[20]Mavrogenes,J A,O'Neill H St C.The relative effects ofpressure,temperature and oxygen fugacity on the solubilityof sulfide in mafic magmas[J].Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa,1999,63:1173-1180.
[21]Peck D C,Keays R R.Insights into the behaviour of preciousmetals in primitive,S-undersaturated magmas:Evidencefrom the Heazlewood River complex,Tasmania[J].Canadi-an Mineralogist,1990,28:553-577.
[22]McDonough W F,Sun S S.The composition of the earth[J].Chemical Geology,1995,120:223-230.
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