Large oil and gas provinces are large oil/gas-bearing areas consisting of several groups or belts of reservoirs (oil/gas fields) under the same large structural setting, which are controlled by similar accumulation conditions, dominated by a certain type of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and overlaid vertically and connected horizontally. Based on the reservoir lithology, large oil and gas provinces are divided into 3 types of clastics, carbonates and volcanics, which are subdivided into five sub-types, i.e. low porosity and permeability clastic; complex, steep and deep foreland structural; carbonate karst stratigraphic; carbonate platform margin reefal; and volcanic stratigraphic. Moreover, key technologies integrating seismic survey, drilling, logging and formation test have been developed.