The South China Sea is located at the conjunction of the Eurasia, India-Australia and Philippine plates, and is the largest marginal sea in the western Pacific area. Based on the existing srtructural and tectonic information of the South China Sea and its adjacent areas, the authors tentatively discussed the tectonic evolution of regions around the South China Sea during the Early and Late Tertiary through the Quaternary. The origin and evolution of the South China Sea were largely restrained by the India-Asian collision and the rotation of continental blocks along the Red River fault during the Cenozoic. Generally, the South China Sea experienced initial marginal rifting in early and Middle of the Early Tertiary, strike-slipping pull-apart and oceanic extension during the later Early Tertiary to the early Late Tertiary, and Neotectonism from later Late Tertiary to Quaternary, respectively.