A review of remote sensing and spectral geology and their applications to mineral exploration are presented in this paper. Here the spectroscopy, broad-band remote sensing with TM/ETM and ASTER, hyperspectral remote sensing including surface spectral geological application and airborne hyperspectral geological application, additional with thermal infrared geological application are discussed. Modern remote sensing can not only extract the geological and alteration information, but also conduct effective mapping. Spectral geology combined with XRF and GPS can quantitatively map minerals and alteration in the fields.