Based on 1∶200 000 regional geochemcial exploration data on southern Anhui Province, this paper calculated background values, regional enrichment coefficient, overall variation coefficient of elements in the area, described spatial distribution of contents of elements and the features of paragenetic association of elements for mineralization, and put 32 elements in order according to their mineralization potential in southern Anhui Province using regional enrichment coefficient and variation coefficient. Among the major target minerals for geological exploration in Anhui Province, Au(Ag)-W-Mo-Cu-U-Zn-Pb show mineralization potential in decreasing order in the area. Based on geochemical block theory and method, gold and silver resources were estimated as 474 t and 16 117 t, respectively.