Based on previous studies, in combination with field investigation, the authors systemically summarized the research status about Holocene activity of Xianshuihe fault zone. The fault zone is divided by the Huiyuan Temple into two segments, the northwestern and southeastern segments, which are sub-divided into eight parts. Accordingly the seismic activity is significantly stronger in the northwestern segment than in the southeastern segment. The earthquakes occurred with skip metastasis and have recurrent nature in situ. The surface rupture characteristics recorded in the historical earthquakes are consistent with those reported in the earthquake surface rupture. The research on seismic risk assessment along the Xianshuihe fault zone needs to be greatly improved.