This paper deals with the framework and evolution of the Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic South China Rift System based on the stratigraphy, structure and geologic events, etc. The rift occurring in the Qingbaikou Period (815 ±Ma) shortly after the Jinning Orogeny (820±Ma) consists of Anhui- Zhejiang-Jiangxi graben-horst belt, Hunan-Guangxi step slope belt and South-China rifting ocean basin. The graben-horst belt is composed of “double upwarpings and double valleys” accompanied with intensive volcanic activities, maintained at the end of Qingbaikou Period (780±Ma). The formation and development of South-China rift system was a major event in the geological history of South China and played an important restriction on later structure and magmatic metallogenesis.